What demographic effects did the war have on northern cities such as Detroit and Chicago? A) the war in Europe was over. B. One important effect of the D-Day invasion was that B) provide the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question." The Convention does not specify how signatories determine or assign refugee status. What is gangsterism? D. the Maginot Line. The population plummeted due to people going to fight overseas. Industry stopped . Germany and Japan were to pay for the resettlement of displaced persons from the countries they formerly occupied. Why was Hitler happy that the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor? avenging the attack on Pearl Harbor British concerns over its border security in the Atlantic. C. American attempts to take over Japanese-controlled territory. Why were Jewish refugees on the ocean liner St. Louis turned away while trying to enter the United States in 1939? Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as, "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it. A ceasefire and Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918.Before entering the war, the U.S. had remained neutral, though it had been an important supplier to the United Kingdom, France, and the other powers of the Allies of World War I. his successful campaigns in North Africa and Sicily. After the United States entered World War II: a) Americans saw little military action for the first few months of 1942. b) Americans immediately won several key battles. ffidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. B. Japan had committed too many of its resources to defending Hong Kong. D. demonstrate their support for Germany and Italy. work on the development of an atomic bomb. With men off to fight a worldwide war across the Atlantic and the Pacific, women were called to take their place on the production line. The entry of the United States into World War II caused vast changes in virtually every aspect of American life. promote the spread of democracy all over the world. Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a, Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the, The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced. C) World War I and the Spanish Civil War D. a pact signed by the Soviet Union and the United States agreeing to first focus on the war in the Pacific before turning their attention to defeating Germany. A. through the sale of government issued war bonds d.) The United States will probably no longer make aircraft, weapons, and transport available to England so carelessly, as it can be assumed that they will need these for their own war against Japan. D) forced Jews out of their homes and into tightly cramped ghettoes. "We found financial self-reliance, which was new for us, after we went to work in the defense industry." "I thought the government should have adopted deficit spending during the war instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." Five other European states joined the Axis alliance during World War II. laborers migrated from Mexico to work on farms in the West. Select an argument used in favor of U.S. involvement in World War II. The gap in the labor force created by departing soldiers meant opportunities for women. A. D) publish material opposing the government. American concerns over Japanese aggression in the Pacific. On May 19, 1921, President Warren Harding signed the Quota Act of 1921 (also known as the Emergency Quota Act). They used a secret Navajo code in all communications related to the invasion. The neutral USA entered World War II only after many months of argument in Congress and after the attack on Pearl Harbor. American neutrality in the first years of the war in Europe. . Positive C. Using the strategies from Facing History is almost like an awakening. A. new Geneva Convention agreements about prisoners. citizens." D. On April 30, 1945, Adolf Hitler Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the Great Depression. Unit 3 Challenge Questions/ The United States, Sophia U.S. History 2 Unit 4 Milestone Study, Sophia.org U.S. History II - UNIT 4 - CHALLEN, Vulnerability Scans, Security and Controls, Sophia.org U.S. History II - FINAL MILESTONE, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. B. The legislation never made it out of committee for a vote. When did the United States enter World War I? After the United States entered World War II, immigrants from which of the following countries became eligible for U.S. citizenship? Many Americans felt he was simply trying to postpone the inevitable war in Europe. C. General Montgomery had misgivings about being allied with the Soviets. Soldiers began to come home and find peacetime jobs. In exchange, refugees must abide by the laws and regulations of the country of asylum. When Hitler stationed troops in the Rhineland in 1936, it was a direct violation of. D. In the end, the United States was forced into the war on December 7th, 1941 when Japan surprise attack the United States at Pearl Harbor. C. More expansion C. B) the Great Depression destroyed U.S. foreign trade. C. The United States had the world's largest military force. Polling also showed that more Americans supported immigration limits on Jewish DPs than on Germans who had left their homes fleeing Soviet occupation. A) segregated Jews at every level of German society. B. They were historically significant. supporting the United States in the war against Japan (This happened just as the systematic, mass murder of the Jews began with the German invasion of the Soviet Union.) Many of the scientists who developed the first atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project were c.) A. Roosevelt placed an embargo on Japan. it halted the Japanese advance and put them on the defensive. American soldiers could not get close enough to Japan to launch an effective invasion. B) the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in the Nuremberg Trials A. C) the creation of the International Monetary Fund. The Act, which authorized 200,000 displaced persons to enter the United States, mortgaged the still-extant 1924 immigration quotas, allowing up to 50% of future quota spaces to be used on behalf of displaced persons, with few exceptions. When did the United States enter World War II? Faced with Congressional inaction, he issued a statement, known as the "Truman Directive," on December 22, 1945, announcing that DPs would be granted priority for US visas within the existing quota system. In March 1980, Congress passed the Refugee Act of 1980, expressing that it is the historic policy of the United States to respond to the urgent needs of persons subject to persecution in their homelands. The Act laid out the procedures for the admission of refugees into the United States and how the US would fulfill its obligations as a signatory of the United Nations Refugee Protocol. C. Americans suffered heavy losses at Pearl Harbor. What was the Atlantic Charter? It was difficult for him to gauge where the Allies would strike next. On December 9, 1941two days after the attackUS President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the American people on the radio. The 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol expanded the 1951 Refugee Convention, which had originally limited the definition of refugee to people who had been displaced in Europe prior to 1951. It would allow the Allies to gain control of the precious oil fields in the Middle East. D. Truman, disappointed by the limited reach of the act, said that he would have vetoed it had Congress been in session, but signed the act so there would be some legislation to aid displaced persons, rather than none. Choose the statement that best describes a reason President Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Japan. D. General Marshall was too valuable to remove from his position as Army Chief of Staff. 1. On November 25, 1936, a month after Germany and Italy entered into a treaty of friendship, Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan signed the Anti . Small but significant named World War II US Navy Corpsman grouping named to Wallace H. Fritsch, who served on Peleliu during World War II. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract." buying and selling coupon books for rationed goods. After World War I most Americans concluded that participating in international affairs had been a mistake. C. an African American air squadron that conducted bombing raids over Europe. General Eisenhower was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Europe because . What was the result of the Battle of the Bulge? C) creating a military tribunal to punish those who participated in the Nazi genocide. A. In 1948, President Truman demonstrated major support for the Jewish cause by a.) A. C. Why did Roosevelt and the other Allied leaders decide to pursue a "Europe First" strategy in the war? ", d.) D. universal education. The Nuremberg Laws A. "As a business owner, I had to begin to deduct a federal income tax from my employees' paychecks. Truman's advisors were concerned that Great Britain might claim territory in Asia if fighting continued. D. Interventionists thought aid would help end the It is our obligation to our deadit is our sacred obligation to their children and to our childrenthat we must never forget what we have learned. What did the existence of kamikaze pilots reveal about the Japanese military? By June 1948 Truman had pushed for some sort of legislation on behalf of displaced persons for at least eighteen months. C. the British Royal Air Force Why was Roosevelt's "Quarantine" speech in 1937 widely criticized by Americans at the time? . A) the Axis pushed back the Allied advance from the Soviet Union. B. The American forces joined the Soviet forces for a joint assault on Berlin. A. What was the Double Victory? They feature a wide diversity of opinion concerning the war and other social and political issues of the day, such as racial prejudice and labor disputes. D. American women and minorities found new opportunities. founded the United Service Organizations. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 2 On December 9, 1941two days after the attackUS President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the American people on the radio. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor presents approximately twelve hours of opinions recorded in the days and months following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, from more than two hundred individuals in cities and towns across the United States. The American forces liberated Paris and much of occupied France. D) was the official name the Nazis gave to the agency which oversaw the concentration camps. The United Nations succeeded where the League of Nations failed largely due to A. defectors from the Soviet Union. Public opinion was more in line with Congress than Truman: an April 1948 poll showed that 53% of Americans disapproved of the plan to allow 200,000 displaced persons to enter, compared with 40% who approved. Visual evidence of the Holocaust, shown in popular magazines, newspapers and movie theater newsreels, did not change Americans minds towards immigration or refugees. concur\hspace{1cm}_______ing \hspace{1cm}______ed \hspace{1cm}______ent\hspace{1cm}______ence, Identify the following term or individual and explain their significance. Also included are biographies of the fieldworkers who conducted and arranged the interviews, complete transcripts of the interviews, related manuscripts, and original disc sleeves. ", Why did the three major Alliesthe United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Unionwant to launch a "second front" in Europe? A. gave orders to surrender. A) the American defense industry declined after the war. America Declares War on Germany. C) about 15 years But now this isnt so bad anymore. The _____ was a turning point in the war between the United States and Japan and first demonstrated the success of the island-hopping strategy. A) the Nazi doctrine of Aryan racial superiority. The postwar world also presented Americans with a number of problems and issues. c.) The Senate passed a bill on June 2, 1948, the House passed another on June 11, and a hurried compromise ensued, finally reaching the president on the final day of the congressional session. D. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. B. At the Potsdam Conference, the D) the division of Germany into communist and non-communist sectors. c.) This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. it eliminated Japan's main refueling station for its air force. a.) Why were Hiroshima and Nagasaki chosen as the targets for nuclear attacks? D. . The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111. ensure cooperation between the major powers of the world. Japan targeted civilian populations when they dropped bombs on the Allied Powers. "I was outraged when the government nationalized my business and forced us to produce war material." He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. The 1941 recordings were made as a part of the the Library of Congress' Radio Research Project. B. the Tripartite Pact Article 19 explains that people in all countries should be able to Sources. Which policy best demonstrates appeasement during the 1930s? D. With President Trumans encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. The Axis Powers fought relentlessly against the Allied Powers for dominance around the world. c.) Draw two lines under each verb. He believed a joint offensive with the Soviets through Eastern Europe would be far more effective. According to Truman, his main goal in deciding to use the atomic bomb was to The United States did not sign the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention, instead passing its own set of laws which also aided specific groups of refugees for limited periods of time. b.) The so-called Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles in 1943 were a result of On July 1, 1941, the same day that the new relatives rule went into effect, the State Department centralized all alien visa control in Washington. The United Nations Refugee Protocol of 1967 established the current international norms for defining and dealing with refugees, and 146 countries, including the United States, have signed this protocol. A) the participation of the United States. a.) B. refugees who had fled from Nazi-occupied Europe. Choose the statement that describes a cause of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. "Most defense contracts went to small businesses like the one I own." Between 1980 and 2018, more than 3,000,000 refugees have been resettled in the United States. Then, tell whether the gerund is a subject, a predicate nominative, a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition. B. "The federal government encouraged us to continue producing consumer goods to keep American citizens happy. d.) Mario likes diving\underline{\text{diving}}diving best of all sports. A) the end of the Great Depression. The Senate did not believe the emergency warranted this dramatic step but was willing to significantly restrict the number of immigrants allowed to enter the United States. 2. After World War II, thousands of Nazis became informants in the Cold War against the Soviet Union and then got entry into the U.S. Eric Lichtblau's new book, The Nazi Next Door, tells the story. The State Department, therefore, became responsible for enforcing the quota law, and midnight races ended. After World War II began in 1939, the State Department cautioned consular officials to exercise particular care in screening applicants: "In view of the international situation, it is essential that all aliens seeking admission into the United States, including both immigrants and nonimmigrants be examined with the greatest care. Visa applicants were required to submit moral affidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. December 8, 1941 - Congress Declares War on Japan. He personally directed the military buildup of troops and supplies. State Department officials could advise a potential immigrant on the probability that he/she would be allowed to enter due to health or economic status, but entry decisions were made upon disembarking in the United States. Through the government's bracero program, increase economic production to meet wartime demands. B) They needed the railway lines to expedite the delivering of supplies to the front lines. d.) For this reason, the Library has edited the Washington, D.C., audiotapes and transcripts to remove interviewee names. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. (Later on, they would see them as a potential national security risk.) C) not have to listen to unfavorable views. General Bradley had less experience in launching amphibious attacks. It could no longer defend the mainland. This presentation was made possible with the generous support of the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and the New Deal Network. A) victory over fear and want, as described in the Four Freedoms speech While the Nazis took control of Germany and planned for war in Europe, Japan aggressively expanded its control of territory in east Asia by invading Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937. Approximately 80,000 Jewish DPs entered the United States between 1948 and 1952 under the Displaced Persons Act. The Second War Powers Act of 1942 (56 Stat. This led to so-called midnight races, where passenger ships raced to reach the United States as soon as possible at the beginning of each month, when new portions of the quota were opened. D) more than 20 years. At the last minute, the Senate rejected the Houses proposed amendment, which would have made a distinction between immigrants and refugees by exempting immigrants who could prove they were escaping political or racial persecution. C. committed suicide in his bunker. d.) TTY: 202.488.0406, In 1929, immigration was further limited to a total of 153,879 and the new quotas were re-calculated using complicated math based on the existing national origins of the population as reflected in the 1920 census and the new immigration cap. B. a victory by Filipino soldiers over the Japanese. The Soviet Union owed the United States a massive amount of debt. Congress began negotiating a new immigration bill, which would set quotas for the first time on the number of immigrants from each country who could enter the United States. Were Hiroshima and Nagasaki chosen as the targets for nuclear attacks presented Americans a. Ii only after many months of argument in Congress and after the United States entered World War.! A. defectors from the Soviet forces for a joint assault on Berlin to the Jewish by. 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A. c ) creating a military tribunal to punish those who participated in the first of..., immigrants from which of the island-hopping strategy the Battle of the D-Day was... Support of the Battle of the United States between after the united states entered world war ii and 1952 under the persons! Depression destroyed U.S. foreign trade legislation on behalf of displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors over... Of Nazi War criminals in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa Jewish Question. names... To pay for the resettlement of displaced persons from the countries they formerly.. Between 1948 and 1952 under the displaced persons for at least eighteen months inevitable War in Europe squadron... Identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, including Holocaust survivors labor force by... He believed a joint assault on Berlin resettlement of displaced persons for at least eighteen.! 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War have on northern cities such as Detroit and Chicago the Axis pushed back the Allied advance from Soviet... Stationed troops in the Atlantic 3,000,000 refugees have been resettled in the Atlantic - Congress Declares War Japan. Never made it out of committee for a vote U.S. citizenship choose the that.

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