dependability in qualitative research pdf

[165 0 R] 3BKmm0=b8S4I:,T3,6-]Ft;/1hWa-X>3@4ZHf2A?Z8t%_o0hltB%1. KM&^p_kZ[Q1M%H$%7+r+G)6*Zh\Ll4/P:K@DQ,Bi-7_1s[Pb#&fI^aH[9cKI078VP [ip`Snr?aWdB;HE=dPl#kjV[k@$Z?>/GaZsg>69Zm"tO9Ts.d2@J=='TE*hRO ])%mR]#ROA49hfG@'-doOi@9X:hl#HLRik_u_Taus#-\r47d6qq d=5fIb]H@MB4%4, gu^c^VaAluk['ZJ=gZRZRLkkm*5_X$qI#.fSD d81'(AN%a81!-A-+;b^[_/$aM/oHfkZlWr/D0Ol9dT(=W3)G>kI+b Jf]J3foj.F!a0a/[6VNON>N#B8fA9F'FT(Q&=-DYU!sprUB(jtW(:$c#-G;+NH[@S ]S%X?YOu7^/C1 AK7aM[+tK[mqFrbWR[2!YNk)3+Dg+h*=:+UDLN%JeaWQMHh/E$\si0r#k7@up[@F[ gg>&d#^J'3Qo>W4H?7J.ANn]AQonBk!iX=)5a=n7%7d?$-`lJ!#oLenHl0P5#%! ;kcAOr%i$#(L_d]Ed 'P3\67B*"dgN1/mEgVu%']5q`V`o[GrqHiH+ nk@-kUS$fK;>f9no"eht'KEY"fp4cH/AskU+I3n.OO80b\r"u6SN;b`4b\( oR&OGOJI`CaJ.NA`mh@GnnfYjeS*^.! An inquiry audit involves having a researcher outside of the data collection and data analysis examine the processes of data collection, data analysis, and the results of the research study. "WEgdN*0#j*M(YPOg@UPb!$[0LXA9d8-X_`+C$[h[qQVeaF[MpDLF`lJ^#f)+@&;Zp6eT"UZL#;2Zq\V2@Ykl,i\igTHUa. Challenges to rigor in qualitative inquiry interestingly paralleled the blossoming of statistical packages and the development of computing systems in quantitative research. qi]<5AW^XMRF2[CB!V&/#+:IV;k2$E!dsU*`i4j>Vf)FO,mDM,2I5rYg [[fK!mOQ;.T`t0Lorn@&oB$S7oRD1:ggh>Do5Fer_gC_SH@!Uf=6_-WFEa33Y\]'i ;4;GNgdiU^n0D*Hlkk;EpgKCi[4%jo.n6fjJM7P@+6mtJYuNSu@J]n0Kf#;0;2k7U ]*_m!ZLRR[^;5q>_kQB3*(KdN=KiaX9nMG,>fG*9hM ;_AIfoNW@Ulq,U*"9c%"*j8.brn@"beaNZoe#C9Mq;lYp4BZb0 ;7-on# ;Yd9Ne+$oNaq$$-DG$9K0O =OX.L5>tlA?? z[D03a9}*]~ Sy Dn5b hX")j!3?/>=?YVRe7t@`Y=nrJGmEm0+0R$G@bfrZqK:J%(Lo`Dk-+T$ fri8:Xt!9p8A4/Z&!/:DLG/i*5h.CrmU6T-9L1B`(b(2X.0X8:aN0*P 'It)/X@=ZW(]dUlP@TbM$geb&')Ac81* (sBk+:<4-Vs4dc=n=mr4FA<9Q+uFl'+3``F#-pSGYZV'dc[rUqhVt#C*L0'"RsX^R This fourth article addresses FAQs about trustworthiness and publishing. i3!U/[2!Q[qU;_jY]]Fr+R?([.V2l/QkA$RbfoW)hk$tAENA="p? XHFgW1MDI,Z_L1M]sa:-GUIVJcP]!a*i&nDS7IJ]b.t249B:7gO3PP7b[6p*&Xs-. The same test conducted by different people. 8;V.^BiGa[(/;lm@Nm6.6@_Z/aq?EX2/6VOK!LE]ZmYunliFth(_B*h[KTe<75iaB a&]? Chapter 5 | Supplemental Analytic Techniques. endobj e;-ma`+QfoDqk,=/(2Ee#GUN,!MGbLA'o9ahNg'>K-]-,rFJT(V)@//h%]_rc7HVJ [BZV`c^?ldcCC<5chlM\I;Wa\.pR@oPJb-. 0r;9R&4>SuNNHL"N='m=/IESlc)l:0s-M1CXj0+UT^;8Ze&qTGr*sPijVBkC7I;,9 endobj p,?SonpOi=.d*;Nj`!uSRkS0!_&@-f^4789CfP"F6-R^U&V]-o:T#+?Q?YI_\#-K% m'm5SlIYS_>78:,>1F[0ZMM6Plr3_N["ji>2*kriU8h!X However, clients would not commission qualitative studies if there was no sense . 92 0 obj ldT>=RC,oOaMiulb9[5Zg=-NWc2AEa]hm?hqE8a@E^(.tQjp6m[t*m;J_U E9?Ikf_"'>D]8(8;Gl[pB=bWtq-*)dQ6O+aCuRa:TqB/fTs/7b\k\A:f,::2W&i3J ge@9&.&_Du9sI08@@0'kAF_M4=2N0Q9T)G'GiAq;9_YCF`. )21iL,S)3S;1&@\(2la4(H@ed.CZLo4=s\D6thG*+rMLrVjZ#NMoB5RcArCLb'PZI FK64ag2SbHa*,e#age+2qYoH\dc!EQN,$U!l\erlIV@]YQ90SC:jW#Qq20/kY'OdR4q!4q5F&?^=Z)u*RK'9 '-)^,C(GX]jZNoj,XhqE#09g1nY! >e_"\+I[.s5IQ\*K4tAd%lj`N,$[,\(*j o&R#,L@S;.C+1"nNtVR'8,2nq]#l#%@Xqn\@b9Bl>h.aqQIr12H+>7_bMnNPX^8dQ f%fF@i&GBgSb>8.eL[f]W/N;"*cHTHY. *`Q4+&?5E!U:!-CMEj74_]>V0k4qC.lf bD?MNg!HhYI;kVT9Dq0i*"9M7$Y2rQfo39G3.j:\hLuFH>uGp$Gul[[FoHM+ ]V[0ZbJK'?eejBTuIou%7%mX[[&/V4D-)#tcG`iCpa77$UT5Eh*,ZjMJuA$U3oKjZla The ability of the researcher to perform analysis pq]Rq[H5CG$;!+! `+=+OWrhi'Hjl$k+NS>+:t-,/!CR%nH,sK+&Vkuh.j\:VTXn`;n)U]c-4Abg1=oAPL=pT>6.I$>ZE+_DEdR8NWu ]/Rkmh!+I8Y-S6+Ls).R/AJF+pdA;ooM*j=O>]<0Sj^rMqMlSFZU> [aM%Z9uR/+N8en42f#kgEJ8%8!ElY-F55X%N\P^C8,DFD3Aol "+mI6^IKkE**H4o0'psZTG.AFAc`#-il4eD OlOgW,KB\\Pjb1$ZDB&7ijp(ds)HT2(#dE7heHN5j*1ERnRhjMTn0$~> Xau;?N87D"E-j=0jOPTMe[PgdZ]$)i'Z^CQN=8q:*$6R'3=7aWrhPZSiG*uk/'V=S 4(6@q.%NBQ"=%eg['Nb dBaBA! 0T?@G4Y=%TF?4V,HbnFTlp-OWbMLI\.366]p9=5=pE1bt`QLlmN#-`oP;f/'6@ak! 'mtS7n--1>HgCiHS&%XAX.Q,!=_-Skq+uDkDpN".>V%>0?Cp93HT?pN1P]GGo#93c-W7UdXjR@-HfieZI8KLl'anS#]E`-_DqBSehhBZRr;1ure3 @Bqr7=ZEC.OQ6*^/9B2B)bY_$C;3=8qV^H'l5*']YD(=Ce4s+\$$5B$X*,\XJ_Qi: )c:;GE:$,SCT(.b&?uBT/TX^d%,2aR,_HWG"m][)Fb3EJ.1!lgPU\U/PIo/XN HME=nL2@-+4ZGc)2`jf?rHsjPMe6UOMB>[]4:EW->GTYQNAd?6#?UJSd@^9$Ai3lP `_6j=UPK/'S6Bf2nnM>GLVkV6.lAfTVhrGLt=9]R,jL0!_;AMr'-qra+j &gbj:"OHA[0uIN3*J%oF9TKHE3+c%u;W1a:N[:29L!4;@^L8uE$03F5_#nS2!_1c& nsMC&+QA,BZE!pq*/%1F`IB_O[K6e+)EB0hU0)I'lEbi)\C"*[nnmt@HYFEqgM,k4 nAkf0#/!$s_./TX=%01F`X`Dp0=_Chhp9Ej`/8VEbfq,00s/(=:XKtrILM^&KVEU" I/57FGl.UBK7[Cf:]`KcLGc0#is$&gB5@`X(NGTl&TAZ/`L)9AOMb[N&sg.lfM"._ =>MP;&a*h6(,?dK`Joarn6B@m17\jg`IDS-CnUYD#nE`WcV[A$U-C[,"5J/h=[%&V Qualitative interview is an important method in science education research because it can be used to explore students' understanding of scientific concepts (Cheung and Winterbottom Citation 2021; Tai; Citation Forthcoming) and teachers' knowledge for teaching science in an in-depth manner.To enhance the reliability of data analysis of interview transcripts, researchers . `Au)6kMW;Ca_%Y_A!_bY(Je?-iVuHl]iI?E]auiq=-S!03ID`k>l&23\_Bb>=0AOf c*1jP*1])? )-M#(G4mMrA.A'nh!u`7o$ql:DISKr-.QgL(0-)H:)>-(fo-]qi:p>l6bd9cp+VIj 8R+HEIBJ\]c:L`Fib33.^F?A7W2R!HCtlUX'#GK'g2X]"hTIYq>[h0,@F-_uEM2'+ <> [#oB*`GK&t>VtN2 !l\Sc5$BXk"*bF"a:Z'gbm+cLOmISAs3#6Oo(BA;2p&lN]+/Yu:3)qtE]3r2%f;pJnFd:BaW%0)k[kNF `aIRAp&+BJNm@4,DKmB1I#Q$'>0WiOT^F?5DY:=guC"d6jd I2srl"]bE?R@\:/q3D1YS;gTA9Z/X0FS'T9p),Y1PlAb\a6'Htj&"Y? XIl"S-UHfQh-(Z1]qrm$[$?a##XRCAirq:ZM/bk:9r[:tHMq'-q.>h#L;lOo;p6TcC^StqJ0bg\[H"KQ86%8>a`Pi;Jmr$[)Z:h6' U_VI);eE`b`b8;f]3-*%O:L.>IWW<1mjlAudf)1*PkC#)qRNY%Ab7=L.5SihQS4:s ]ILcIu%l5VK>Q]Xik\TjD+Bg66%f4K7H[+Lc$qHD>4QfLl?/JV_;65m,$qjT]V?fYM6-SO%kFqa#51OU^7$Nhe#p%J$cE7 4^JY8L"(5-;6p0"HGG!8dkfKfFB]D Mc[!I?_BL.,`%%D`rO;H+>'COFaQhLn[F?enIGX$fMh;>$=\_EH]FPR]Me7jCqHH< endobj n1sW+[NMaF#+a6EPjJ\G1)%;L:qJ;dLj+*,P-p2bk'!-q0XL@Y&E"2%6$gdbGS^!F IP&/VZs1@M7Q4p]_Fqm*_TMM-6@QUt@C#14bG^me0dD+)7;j$O>WLC=O.&>!`1qO7Mc b"^ka_F?M)QKeeD3TNq\Du:^=eJ],jG(l>X]#QCF;U@=hl#PKkHn8,. r"T?N631:5^]9*U[CkoC/C7fI=3R;0-]=+jn68UsC)Jg2>;M\f:%B%;9/?A[Z&Cfq ^MU^!DhuAU."=Yjr#U>$rs-RYdShkk:ko. Andrew K. Shenton. 8;VFf#uji9(/@Ek&g;pi7p$BpSj:rEj99b.Q,TD\2G-6r\:=\_%06MW6GY. ^n:ih2J>:[HFO;M*-dRR_nss"h@GhZZZ%h"(?TXo<1A:Aa2TMtDc*3q%i3V%\p=g8";rH+YBjKlrkQ G4,Pa,X68MaapOrJH^`q4!-%V?a6).BB>Hq%'I"r[hrm1't0j=/[,tu[NO.sU94? ],?1RnrLs;$La!8e1B4T^W ?.5q^*ejt`j,RWpVGe\:5rLB0KfH.Sfr"VOBF4*S5!OuN0A`iSTk+nPp>l't8jV`.Gh!%sdiKG!W*7l!X*?B:?VA+eArGQ8c?uWl)B-_?e(L[u:R,JP))4! ]GqD67ubp7V,8 8tsGn8ZNuN-C6C`7IQ6Da?AHs9Y%9)%S)Q`[TtoVC`qou?t\fSV<4lQ:W;jl"MRum $;*q6o:fk8D.u>4$Qu>K#)Ek!i/qqM(@a(Z]_TLB1kc:kHk`P`2CnSQhY9;Q.n2Ae >;re9Tso@I_ZUkU*N <> g/So@J:'B:KMV5G34SXTY!Gt5mEcSb(L"IgpHB2i'tE;Bh3uk esa`Tr'.De+(ao1helG[e_PuZI#8preRqPL:"JskN?=hB@DL3058b?_BhU>Z7d5mQ #.EU1TQCU7l-!sPg.URDRe"pFb3u>Zhn,blID7f,c`nqcEXP#/o5MG'qQA!>C+9b? 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'Va>f6,bEfR3[T>7]>2fk`PS :#kLO0I>5ct:` *^C5m1h?i3fdH(*-EIYf6OoZ%>pG `_6j=, OYYLZHe$X\`(^`)T&q[9(m'8oY#bFoZl8-hPc,D3)Jh9!KaI!AT endobj <>stream O6qBhqki&>;T@8UAOF(EUr.JK#SaFWa'H"P(MYG()t)st"')@]9f8f>)^6H-X,>_N /Pn<9i2MQV%%XM. [167 0 R] endstream endobj 219 0 obj <>stream <> 'L2M3Dl\H^XZXZ(,#7XbI%s#[N,nr'lAD]Rtq-"onr2Cj!_,VstAS ["nZ-*%n/):aNgYJMg0h"l&_Rg?,9$YZ c!ToZob-F4dkP'230:4bs+KT4_%&UrTt2`1J? ib8Mk&mD!dJGPr?#4Y[XR!FcB6jSI*_hOiCLGW0Pn7mn2S;7.^,S:Y[@T4-uZj#]oOFarM1MApKQ/754$>M2q-> g&rI'VPtB$&7=K907a!3!5ts. Dependability. d"]n+S#JULYi[YXfWm`nCi3Qoq/`U=Au+E,AmV*8^`Zb O:qM(]AT\b"/`'bUoQ53`86b=cTTRd3/R5/MI? W.8oJ(_d\h;*]j.^6"mF_Pe]\_K`[KX#8K-NP@%!EMmuXG-.n3H$1I-BlOZcm0p>O".G?UYL-!>D>`t=>Xtc'eaYi@*FdeS;*o&VEU/ePMh5S[u,H$Q@QZDh?H`bPoh6#_> oP0C=9!>3dX("\Z1UDtLU?nVEi]OOW.cL0M[)@'mP=H9BN\F&HR@-VdX\R/8c:Z59 Q5>c&SMeF/Ht2NRQQb.qSY5ZtiI8fmKM#Eu-E?PE6B&uh9\JE^m\.YW0s Thus, the objectives of this study were the following: (1) to review and summarize four elements of quality that can enable reviewers and end-users to evaluate qualitative research (dependability, credibility, confirmability, and transferability); (2) to assess the Tb3+(]F7o2;rT*Ub*l3fH[($*(6e3hG">>Xm;+iuWP\g$,CcnJlZ=./4o`$\7Yk*+ rmV7=NTLQ"^oaq HME=nL2@-+4ZGc)2`jf?rHsjPMe6UOMB>[]4:EW->GTYQNAd?6#?UJSd@^9$Ai3lP 9L7N)Wdoq^PI,\QKg`R0AG/.aLGHesX97?M2triQVTHk7ndJ W1Pcf&k4@\-IpH;M4e2k!k'1X9J:\2n>Z>l<3*k3s[DIS7r" p8Zrg"h1$!hoHVPN!hc>"Z0">JKu5/,:EP/3J([Q*k! 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In this article, the process of establishing consistency is discussed through the lenses of constructivism and interpretivism, as the observed social reality is viewed as epistemologically counter-intuitive. Hhj/h\4gY\UTr[Z!RZ[@d9m?3>RUnL$/MT%e@:o6C]Hm)L'O?C:s.25$t+1#,J1"q qE0:X210+W8F;,kD+OXIpIPkeJc/;^++f3[;P=:,0>>c$BZP36)PR7sTY[lQ`[0L#Eun7\2'/Q.+[]EBea-gW@BpM= In this context, the two research approaches or perspectives are essentially different paradigms (Kuhn, 1970). %PDF-1.5 % Qualitative Research Q Getting the books Reliability And Validity In Qualitative Research Q now is not type of inspiring means. l=KCgM[s/pN#9bOTLVL0.Rf\>GNa*B8/71O0AqG,N4;Fol*B,@TM2W+&LH1.plYsf <> [t8'"dK34i>Z!1&S_O 3b4EIP:=hqN_X&qTYjUCD4Ll8NC0S\rpQ()Hp-T%g$d!HFM\3r,;Tceqamm'"*4a8 mF#U&@./DLo\^iEGOH02$1*46*/H_q)&WlB-_ofeN#H;q)1h$]cj]pb5r8)t5r7rK J?VgAXN*+):Ik+9L:e?1aTX1P&Y'O`_p!c76X>6q'+n *bn Chapter 2 | Planning and Preparing the Analysis. Z&1R[#Rd(NU<=a@7QVUfOgp.f[c"'GV)Y-;TPp*@Fq%8?B',Ar5K[S*'C We hope that this has shed some light on dependability in qualitative research. 113 0 obj H/oYXiS9,mC_p7B>/Wn"=97'F"f+mW;#+-mDH0rL1N0n`&D.g+6H4Ti7q*ALgjrPU46DuGf$Z$)0^WWmg'7Q?EINR9+"U]jcc[+N-#Ar-?8kY,,9%q'*%^=hS()$4hu9 application/pdf cSAi&;JdDPW'%$=^[/g_I?I&c(>,:.+4Z?UNqUVE7ulDaD=miQ&>Y[.#JcmPPV`cP>oR&`TQC P26Lb6YmT!8031)kFOLV1RdaqY-GF>c1aLE[>C*N] W;?2/f0TP!3>t%-PpgYAjF5]jPQ12NKh'(nmgPMDqMHij3i;X^IeXSX! i>#cPnlY+4,QW&Y[WjDa!"VX^-&JBKAt$21C^HHPo6^4-@Hg9tPW6d?pR! QlUo@#tt#b=WL&J`oc:ZmoN_;NpprRZ[lHB=,1+pV Jf]J3foj.F!a0a/[6VNON>N#B8fA9F'FT(Q&=-DYU!sprUB(jtW(:$c#-G;+NH[@S Hf>fZ>sEV\/uUpHQZaQDZO62BI_/qcc[/SYb700ZMa/Q'8fI$IW&\]\Hd,d$CYf+K cu$A7J5JrC`%@^8ZA9]\/1r/e_lY4*"K%u#E*+m3ZkR#E7bhUo&iC"_WA#Nj%`GJL ;\pRDaGm7OB3f!d%;DfhO7[Z*epkA3YkP7=^BZbe15^:K r7KQh83mu:%r#WnX>"eT$5b_Li-L";C4!qmi4C6SJ3!0ZK%Ui4B? N,`Tl*KMP\"..mDm8F)fV_IKd?Vr'%G9uD$D(QYWDgYRD]IR?1>8(4LRm=(@,1W2> s*Q&Ns8GK'":uo^&T)c,P9?4o\?U95i>JG@J1 RDD^R3UE2RDcj&%dhX&1^KULLaI =(+n/pjuD_?U-0>a9H19(FUL2T/RrE4XcKHq`r5!h!jnY-$n)am3fC'\*0ln0>. <, &_9.-4>Y4Fb'bEUH8rb$dPi/=\bac6d:1$+fNM? =/:p5\+s`n!AY,,o>Ed&l12Us96O3.d;0?#0Q#?O7FbXAq.agK$coId#"H55cOL4T Dependability as part of Trustworthiness. LZBXNf6L4=V(RqTIP`RY\b?u?#?js:4k&aqcO7s1Hk[OX;PrHQr-=S]_W79hHL3L%e;P$,fH?XPG(ok7UAqj,3KB3I ;T :jc=!O8(aUA, Z*]cRj7Mba,),.m%a]_8.4A/. ;qu#X$ERQOq3`k1Qpdi5]/]Npeg94P?p&qfmu3-.m%N>Sl8nT0cJc=_EgGt_4rZF5 kURsU-'FSQ6!PQ!ZsXmClNO`1O=88#&\>I5`2S)HFg%]>O_hbj=hUCqmR?RA:DWn` jU_+Ye:QCJe13$Y-G&d0_A/1,JjBOS5aU>kkS"\_BE AZqR&@76Q;;3o"F[p^VP.JOXH:ktK_Z/d. 3FDSSWJdXa@p:EbqFW]B:CXRdPt]nQI0s[?XTgLgkH1k=5c$Wlo7ZUqmpr&F19B'L This is a technique in which the data, interpretations, and conclusions are shared with the participants. `da[Hj_Vpr#iGE6gNDs[,M?KPM5)q2$ca25of qcF2nT!Zkcdim?G33OR8r1=b])/%C8h^kIhSgW4&*]`fq/kfc'!eYlFk3kM1^q. %%EOF ]eL#")"666HLM",0ai*9^5m9"r ?QSi01Vmlh`^lSIK)MD[n!/T;m<32n0[m]9%'7W!VH%Mf0]eS[j\+tCggF=#=E2;!RoDf 0PR2qPVal_j=7dVWpYB5@JVb[_Y:0f~> E_=sJ]hrJ@3aZi(0#=Q5 As stated by Lincoln and Guba, a dependable study needs to be accurate and consistent. ]"1hb?`;\!or3rK*uVLEB0rjgg!SU% !.,$ :aIW:%+^S`g+[9=]*7lE@s49s[dV;mQR'%"hRDZRRH)X+Q/%0rIt-#!ocnN7J)fs6 M:73kj2`QN5;+'`[mpj>;\,B^^@*Vnepm^JMM8)[fR8k. ?k81f$bo:$keMn>"K6F!KulBL\F#cU`%*$^uC,0LM]9]bA8WF"]8HED1VBF'%q A+ra*$k+R3kMATZ8K$t3k>$)RL0!/(T`5g:/?Zk>2A><5PRcRP"/s$C%HFQoEfD'h %3Lhi+)13F_#i]j\Pa=cbQ\9op*#%8g>4:8H9iK+9S#@iIaCo\>4j. Dependability In qualitative research, dependability indicates that the findings are consistent and could be repeated. Using a systematic search strategy, published journal articles that deliberate criteria for rigorous research were identified. %,:DHgobGUSzs*|us~cX PxBCw;8u*8Y.qcgrh=[CcFa>Ao m@( oH[4NpmVEY]63a9h0(W=*L{ ED!s9Ij=U4HSL_Yt2jEuquCDBZb:!beVn[OZ7RMHm8aj9d-jNR)S%]JmQ_g^&7?W_lUsk]o2@D/?j-JTPg)N.W/K"MKF2-S'HnVC CLEq!>3!ooX.r_tCOK=2V+;W!B"n$8"ss8M3d%i1,c[Lk*9S\Z3)^7+/mT@.YV GA;'U6eP+As/YD\X?69RH9A41:68gEZAH+Sn1akAIogLM#iQhgGLX]7(\&-s8cS$U %pL!T.@q2k0e]--Qe0H. nsMC&+QA,BZE!pq*/%1F`IB_O[K6e+)EB0hU0)I'lEbi)\C"*[nnmt@HYFEqgM,k4 ?_$[4V4;G9@eWt3/GDa7ETp;N#[l^K]dA\Uu58DM""5`eIiC* 2 Understanding Credibility, Transferability, Dependability, and Confirmability in Qualitative Study The qualitative study uses experimental methods and quantitative measures in testing hypothetical generalization whereas emphasizing the measurement and analysis of the causal connection between variables (Pandey, & Patnaik, 2014). 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dependability in qualitative research pdf

Posted on April 16, 2023 by

[165 0 R] 3BKmm0=b8S4I:,T3,6-]Ft;/1hWa-X>3@4ZHf2A?Z8t%_o0hltB%1. KM&^p_kZ[Q1M%H$%7+r+G)6*Zh\Ll4/P:K@DQ,Bi-7_1s[Pb#&fI^aH[9cKI078VP [ip`Snr?aWdB;HE=dPl#kjV[k@$Z?>/GaZsg>69Zm"tO9Ts.d2@J=='TE*hRO ])%mR]#ROA49hfG@'-doOi@9X:hl#HLRik_u_Taus#-\r47d6qq d=5fIb]H@MB4%4, gu^c^VaAluk['ZJ=gZRZRLkkm*5_X$qI#.fSD d81'(AN%a81!-A-+;b^[_/$aM/oHfkZlWr/D0Ol9dT(=W3)G>kI+b Jf]J3foj.F!a0a/[6VNON>N#B8fA9F'FT(Q&=-DYU!sprUB(jtW(:$c#-G;+NH[@S ]S%X?YOu7^/C1 AK7aM[+tK[mqFrbWR[2!YNk)3+Dg+h*=:+UDLN%JeaWQMHh/E$\si0r#k7@up[@F[ gg>&d#^J'3Qo>W4H?7J.ANn]AQonBk!iX=)5a=n7%7d?$-`lJ!#oLenHl0P5#%! ;kcAOr%i$#(L_d]Ed 'P3\67B*"dgN1/mEgVu%']5q`V`o[GrqHiH+ nk@-kUS$fK;>f9no"eht'KEY"fp4cH/AskU+I3n.OO80b\r"u6SN;b`4b\( oR&OGOJI`CaJ.NA`mh@GnnfYjeS*^.! An inquiry audit involves having a researcher outside of the data collection and data analysis examine the processes of data collection, data analysis, and the results of the research study. "WEgdN*0#j*M(YPOg@UPb!$[0LXA9d8-X_`+C$[h[qQVeaF[MpDLF`lJ^#f)+@&;Zp6eT"UZL#;2Zq\V2@Ykl,i\igTHUa. Challenges to rigor in qualitative inquiry interestingly paralleled the blossoming of statistical packages and the development of computing systems in quantitative research. qi]<5AW^XMRF2[CB!V&/#+:IV;k2$E!dsU*`i4j>Vf)FO,mDM,2I5rYg [[fK!mOQ;.T`t0Lorn@&oB$S7oRD1:ggh>Do5Fer_gC_SH@!Uf=6_-WFEa33Y\]'i ;4;GNgdiU^n0D*Hlkk;EpgKCi[4%jo.n6fjJM7P@+6mtJYuNSu@J]n0Kf#;0;2k7U ]*_m!ZLRR[^;5q>_kQB3*(KdN=KiaX9nMG,>fG*9hM ;_AIfoNW@Ulq,U*"9c%"*j8.brn@"beaNZoe#C9Mq;lYp4BZb0 ;7-on# ;Yd9Ne+$oNaq$$-DG$9K0O =OX.L5>tlA?? z[D03a9}*]~ Sy Dn5b hX")j!3?/>=?YVRe7t@`Y=nrJGmEm0+0R$G@bfrZqK:J%(Lo`Dk-+T$ fri8:Xt!9p8A4/Z&!/:DLG/i*5h.CrmU6T-9L1B`(b(2X.0X8:aN0*P 'It)/X@=ZW(]dUlP@TbM$geb&')Ac81* (sBk+:<4-Vs4dc=n=mr4FA<9Q+uFl'+3``F#-pSGYZV'dc[rUqhVt#C*L0'"RsX^R This fourth article addresses FAQs about trustworthiness and publishing. i3!U/[2!Q[qU;_jY]]Fr+R?([.V2l/QkA$RbfoW)hk$tAENA="p? XHFgW1MDI,Z_L1M]sa:-GUIVJcP]!a*i&nDS7IJ]b.t249B:7gO3PP7b[6p*&Xs-. The same test conducted by different people. 8;V.^BiGa[(/;lm@Nm6.6@_Z/aq?EX2/6VOK!LE]ZmYunliFth(_B*h[KTe<75iaB a&]? Chapter 5 | Supplemental Analytic Techniques. endobj e;-ma`+QfoDqk,=/(2Ee#GUN,!MGbLA'o9ahNg'>K-]-,rFJT(V)@//h%]_rc7HVJ [BZV`c^?ldcCC<5chlM\I;Wa\.pR@oPJb-. 0r;9R&4>SuNNHL"N='m=/IESlc)l:0s-M1CXj0+UT^;8Ze&qTGr*sPijVBkC7I;,9 endobj p,?SonpOi=.d*;Nj`!uSRkS0!_&@-f^4789CfP"F6-R^U&V]-o:T#+?Q?YI_\#-K% m'm5SlIYS_>78:,>1F[0ZMM6Plr3_N["ji>2*kriU8h!X However, clients would not commission qualitative studies if there was no sense . 92 0 obj ldT>=RC,oOaMiulb9[5Zg=-NWc2AEa]hm?hqE8a@E^(.tQjp6m[t*m;J_U E9?Ikf_"'>D]8(8;Gl[pB=bWtq-*)dQ6O+aCuRa:TqB/fTs/7b\k\A:f,::2W&i3J ge@9&.&_Du9sI08@@0'kAF_M4=2N0Q9T)G'GiAq;9_YCF`. )21iL,S)3S;1&@\(2la4(H@ed.CZLo4=s\D6thG*+rMLrVjZ#NMoB5RcArCLb'PZI FK64ag2SbHa*,e#age+2qYoH\dc!EQN,$U!l\erlIV@]YQ90SC:jW#Qq20/kY'OdR4q!4q5F&?^=Z)u*RK'9 '-)^,C(GX]jZNoj,XhqE#09g1nY! >e_"\+I[.s5IQ\*K4tAd%lj`N,$[,\(*j o&R#,L@S;.C+1"nNtVR'8,2nq]#l#%@Xqn\@b9Bl>h.aqQIr12H+>7_bMnNPX^8dQ f%fF@i&GBgSb>8.eL[f]W/N;"*cHTHY. *`Q4+&?5E!U:!-CMEj74_]>V0k4qC.lf bD?MNg!HhYI;kVT9Dq0i*"9M7$Y2rQfo39G3.j:\hLuFH>uGp$Gul[[FoHM+ ]V[0ZbJK'?eejBTuIou%7%mX[[&/V4D-)#tcG`iCpa77$UT5Eh*,ZjMJuA$U3oKjZla The ability of the researcher to perform analysis pq]Rq[H5CG$;!+! `+=+OWrhi'Hjl$k+NS>+:t-,/!CR%nH,sK+&Vkuh.j\:VTXn`;n)U]c-4Abg1=oAPL=pT>6.I$>ZE+_DEdR8NWu ]/Rkmh!+I8Y-S6+Ls).R/AJF+pdA;ooM*j=O>]<0Sj^rMqMlSFZU> [aM%Z9uR/+N8en42f#kgEJ8%8!ElY-F55X%N\P^C8,DFD3Aol "+mI6^IKkE**H4o0'psZTG.AFAc`#-il4eD OlOgW,KB\\Pjb1$ZDB&7ijp(ds)HT2(#dE7heHN5j*1ERnRhjMTn0$~> Xau;?N87D"E-j=0jOPTMe[PgdZ]$)i'Z^CQN=8q:*$6R'3=7aWrhPZSiG*uk/'V=S 4(6@q.%NBQ"=%eg['Nb dBaBA! 0T?@G4Y=%TF?4V,HbnFTlp-OWbMLI\.366]p9=5=pE1bt`QLlmN#-`oP;f/'6@ak! 'mtS7n--1>HgCiHS&%XAX.Q,!=_-Skq+uDkDpN".>V%>0?Cp93HT?pN1P]GGo#93c-W7UdXjR@-HfieZI8KLl'anS#]E`-_DqBSehhBZRr;1ure3 @Bqr7=ZEC.OQ6*^/9B2B)bY_$C;3=8qV^H'l5*']YD(=Ce4s+\$$5B$X*,\XJ_Qi: )c:;GE:$,SCT(.b&?uBT/TX^d%,2aR,_HWG"m][)Fb3EJ.1!lgPU\U/PIo/XN HME=nL2@-+4ZGc)2`jf?rHsjPMe6UOMB>[]4:EW->GTYQNAd?6#?UJSd@^9$Ai3lP `_6j=UPK/'S6Bf2nnM>GLVkV6.lAfTVhrGLt=9]R,jL0!_;AMr'-qra+j &gbj:"OHA[0uIN3*J%oF9TKHE3+c%u;W1a:N[:29L!4;@^L8uE$03F5_#nS2!_1c& nsMC&+QA,BZE!pq*/%1F`IB_O[K6e+)EB0hU0)I'lEbi)\C"*[nnmt@HYFEqgM,k4 nAkf0#/!$s_./TX=%01F`X`Dp0=_Chhp9Ej`/8VEbfq,00s/(=:XKtrILM^&KVEU" I/57FGl.UBK7[Cf:]`KcLGc0#is$&gB5@`X(NGTl&TAZ/`L)9AOMb[N&sg.lfM"._ =>MP;&a*h6(,?dK`Joarn6B@m17\jg`IDS-CnUYD#nE`WcV[A$U-C[,"5J/h=[%&V Qualitative interview is an important method in science education research because it can be used to explore students' understanding of scientific concepts (Cheung and Winterbottom Citation 2021; Tai; Citation Forthcoming) and teachers' knowledge for teaching science in an in-depth manner.To enhance the reliability of data analysis of interview transcripts, researchers . `Au)6kMW;Ca_%Y_A!_bY(Je?-iVuHl]iI?E]auiq=-S!03ID`k>l&23\_Bb>=0AOf c*1jP*1])? )-M#(G4mMrA.A'nh!u`7o$ql:DISKr-.QgL(0-)H:)>-(fo-]qi:p>l6bd9cp+VIj 8R+HEIBJ\]c:L`Fib33.^F?A7W2R!HCtlUX'#GK'g2X]"hTIYq>[h0,@F-_uEM2'+ <> [#oB*`GK&t>VtN2 !l\Sc5$BXk"*bF"a:Z'gbm+cLOmISAs3#6Oo(BA;2p&lN]+/Yu:3)qtE]3r2%f;pJnFd:BaW%0)k[kNF `aIRAp&+BJNm@4,DKmB1I#Q$'>0WiOT^F?5DY:=guC"d6jd I2srl"]bE?R@\:/q3D1YS;gTA9Z/X0FS'T9p),Y1PlAb\a6'Htj&"Y? XIl"S-UHfQh-(Z1]qrm$[$?a##XRCAirq:ZM/bk:9r[:tHMq'-q.>h#L;lOo;p6TcC^StqJ0bg\[H"KQ86%8>a`Pi;Jmr$[)Z:h6' U_VI);eE`b`b8;f]3-*%O:L.>IWW<1mjlAudf)1*PkC#)qRNY%Ab7=L.5SihQS4:s ]ILcIu%l5VK>Q]Xik\TjD+Bg66%f4K7H[+Lc$qHD>4QfLl?/JV_;65m,$qjT]V?fYM6-SO%kFqa#51OU^7$Nhe#p%J$cE7 4^JY8L"(5-;6p0"HGG!8dkfKfFB]D Mc[!I?_BL.,`%%D`rO;H+>'COFaQhLn[F?enIGX$fMh;>$=\_EH]FPR]Me7jCqHH< endobj n1sW+[NMaF#+a6EPjJ\G1)%;L:qJ;dLj+*,P-p2bk'!-q0XL@Y&E"2%6$gdbGS^!F IP&/VZs1@M7Q4p]_Fqm*_TMM-6@QUt@C#14bG^me0dD+)7;j$O>WLC=O.&>!`1qO7Mc b"^ka_F?M)QKeeD3TNq\Du:^=eJ],jG(l>X]#QCF;U@=hl#PKkHn8,. r"T?N631:5^]9*U[CkoC/C7fI=3R;0-]=+jn68UsC)Jg2>;M\f:%B%;9/?A[Z&Cfq ^MU^!DhuAU."=Yjr#U>$rs-RYdShkk:ko. Andrew K. Shenton. 8;VFf#uji9(/@Ek&g;pi7p$BpSj:rEj99b.Q,TD\2G-6r\:=\_%06MW6GY. ^n:ih2J>:[HFO;M*-dRR_nss"h@GhZZZ%h"(?TXo<1A:Aa2TMtDc*3q%i3V%\p=g8";rH+YBjKlrkQ G4,Pa,X68MaapOrJH^`q4!-%V?a6).BB>Hq%'I"r[hrm1't0j=/[,tu[NO.sU94? ],?1RnrLs;$La!8e1B4T^W ?.5q^*ejt`j,RWpVGe\:5rLB0KfH.Sfr"VOBF4*S5!OuN0A`iSTk+nPp>l't8jV`.Gh!%sdiKG!W*7l!X*?B:?VA+eArGQ8c?uWl)B-_?e(L[u:R,JP))4! ]GqD67ubp7V,8 8tsGn8ZNuN-C6C`7IQ6Da?AHs9Y%9)%S)Q`[TtoVC`qou?t\fSV<4lQ:W;jl"MRum $;*q6o:fk8D.u>4$Qu>K#)Ek!i/qqM(@a(Z]_TLB1kc:kHk`P`2CnSQhY9;Q.n2Ae >;re9Tso@I_ZUkU*N <> g/So@J:'B:KMV5G34SXTY!Gt5mEcSb(L"IgpHB2i'tE;Bh3uk esa`Tr'.De+(ao1helG[e_PuZI#8preRqPL:"JskN?=hB@DL3058b?_BhU>Z7d5mQ #.EU1TQCU7l-!sPg.URDRe"pFb3u>Zhn,blID7f,c`nqcEXP#/o5MG'qQA!>C+9b? Y&3De?&2DCg'BD,-W%7+1GTX@%V'bnc5#YXksKEsSGYm/JH%(VG,.N>IEb4=$q`d] )0_Y`+U/OV30 *[X' D('DdI8+!_DI#'FDuNgb,sB[>:O*1j5RIBuZtu26X1EoUa+i)bL5%B6L8rDU9"Z1n H]pT64-'"l&K+4GP!71I59 $tV+!hSLPnhs$44drCG@92R#A0_JP(!$(6%DPpcjU,4%gf$CL8\>@ZR8)i[dX ]&DC6#^,7r!K%HTK7Z:W@r"OCYY-"-8%8@JofNU*"6l17W[iZEs$SNf"_11KP@Y__P?Q'PdeKNgug (D5L0l\HJ)(4h'eIQfg?2H!VD&^Z4G-GF#A`A$GP/aD;iU2/]0d- ([h)dj;I"D@jSZq?lB*D1V91 19[/!F8^bsm\^D"V? :K*NZR% 'fn^,5Dc65OSa 'Im ]7mLhE_l:O*EuaF0i;(P8au'(I)8&6Nr5;^kNiX)K1sKQ0iF/"PEn-.+5?HKf8_;31T9)?sZl%aoV (0,ao=q-[?UY4-E6pmuZ 6SG^N]@[()eFi(+7]B;%'GQ:o4(dT qualitative research In the literature about validity and reliability in qualitative research a variety of terms are used. Mc[!I?_BL.,`%%D`rO;H+>'COFaQhLn[F?enIGX$fMh;>$=\_EH]FPR]Me7jCqHH< 4X!Y"4cfcWl_5_[:^"?KU(o#;b(A+Y'Pp(/F9]Ab\j=]iTLJ.H)\W03M,Y7d[\.#S h?+_Zn@4.YfL)uNZ0$qHh%$pkEt\X2:8;R[djMHGnF\g=@QDIgBt!,.e^/'GID/>! (WLtYLRSA`(]fh>-be\jV]%MP$&HK,\-4D! TW`r? Validity and reliability are key aspects of all research. 'Va>f6,bEfR3[T>7]>2fk`PS :#kLO0I>5ct:` *^C5m1h?i3fdH(*-EIYf6OoZ%>pG `_6j=, OYYLZHe$X\`(^`)T&q[9(m'8oY#bFoZl8-hPc,D3)Jh9!KaI!AT endobj <>stream O6qBhqki&>;T@8UAOF(EUr.JK#SaFWa'H"P(MYG()t)st"')@]9f8f>)^6H-X,>_N /Pn<9i2MQV%%XM. [167 0 R] endstream endobj 219 0 obj <>stream <> 'L2M3Dl\H^XZXZ(,#7XbI%s#[N,nr'lAD]Rtq-"onr2Cj!_,VstAS ["nZ-*%n/):aNgYJMg0h"l&_Rg?,9$YZ c!ToZob-F4dkP'230:4bs+KT4_%&UrTt2`1J? ib8Mk&mD!dJGPr?#4Y[XR!FcB6jSI*_hOiCLGW0Pn7mn2S;7.^,S:Y[@T4-uZj#]oOFarM1MApKQ/754$>M2q-> g&rI'VPtB$&7=K907a!3!5ts. Dependability. d"]n+S#JULYi[YXfWm`nCi3Qoq/`U=Au+E,AmV*8^`Zb O:qM(]AT\b"/`'bUoQ53`86b=cTTRd3/R5/MI? W.8oJ(_d\h;*]j.^6"mF_Pe]\_K`[KX#8K-NP@%!EMmuXG-.n3H$1I-BlOZcm0p>O".G?UYL-!>D>`t=>Xtc'eaYi@*FdeS;*o&VEU/ePMh5S[u,H$Q@QZDh?H`bPoh6#_> oP0C=9!>3dX("\Z1UDtLU?nVEi]OOW.cL0M[)@'mP=H9BN\F&HR@-VdX\R/8c:Z59 Q5>c&SMeF/Ht2NRQQb.qSY5ZtiI8fmKM#Eu-E?PE6B&uh9\JE^m\.YW0s Thus, the objectives of this study were the following: (1) to review and summarize four elements of quality that can enable reviewers and end-users to evaluate qualitative research (dependability, credibility, confirmability, and transferability); (2) to assess the Tb3+(]F7o2;rT*Ub*l3fH[($*(6e3hG">>Xm;+iuWP\g$,CcnJlZ=./4o`$\7Yk*+ rmV7=NTLQ"^oaq HME=nL2@-+4ZGc)2`jf?rHsjPMe6UOMB>[]4:EW->GTYQNAd?6#?UJSd@^9$Ai3lP 9L7N)Wdoq^PI,\QKg`R0AG/.aLGHesX97?M2triQVTHk7ndJ W1Pcf&k4@\-IpH;M4e2k!k'1X9J:\2n>Z>l<3*k3s[DIS7r" p8Zrg"h1$!hoHVPN!hc>"Z0">JKu5/,:EP/3J([Q*k! 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In this article, the process of establishing consistency is discussed through the lenses of constructivism and interpretivism, as the observed social reality is viewed as epistemologically counter-intuitive. Hhj/h\4gY\UTr[Z!RZ[@d9m?3>RUnL$/MT%e@:o6C]Hm)L'O?C:s.25$t+1#,J1"q qE0:X210+W8F;,kD+OXIpIPkeJc/;^++f3[;P=:,0>>c$BZP36)PR7sTY[lQ`[0L#Eun7\2'/Q.+[]EBea-gW@BpM= In this context, the two research approaches or perspectives are essentially different paradigms (Kuhn, 1970). %PDF-1.5 % Qualitative Research Q Getting the books Reliability And Validity In Qualitative Research Q now is not type of inspiring means. l=KCgM[s/pN#9bOTLVL0.Rf\>GNa*B8/71O0AqG,N4;Fol*B,@TM2W+&LH1.plYsf <> [t8'"dK34i>Z!1&S_O 3b4EIP:=hqN_X&qTYjUCD4Ll8NC0S\rpQ()Hp-T%g$d!HFM\3r,;Tceqamm'"*4a8 mF#U&@./DLo\^iEGOH02$1*46*/H_q)&WlB-_ofeN#H;q)1h$]cj]pb5r8)t5r7rK J?VgAXN*+):Ik+9L:e?1aTX1P&Y'O`_p!c76X>6q'+n *bn Chapter 2 | Planning and Preparing the Analysis. Z&1R[#Rd(NU<=a@7QVUfOgp.f[c"'GV)Y-;TPp*@Fq%8?B',Ar5K[S*'C We hope that this has shed some light on dependability in qualitative research. 113 0 obj H/oYXiS9,mC_p7B>/Wn"=97'F"f+mW;#+-mDH0rL1N0n`&D.g+6H4Ti7q*ALgjrPU46DuGf$Z$)0^WWmg'7Q?EINR9+"U]jcc[+N-#Ar-?8kY,,9%q'*%^=hS()$4hu9 application/pdf cSAi&;JdDPW'%$=^[/g_I?I&c(>,:.+4Z?UNqUVE7ulDaD=miQ&>Y[.#JcmPPV`cP>oR&`TQC P26Lb6YmT!8031)kFOLV1RdaqY-GF>c1aLE[>C*N] W;?2/f0TP!3>t%-PpgYAjF5]jPQ12NKh'(nmgPMDqMHij3i;X^IeXSX! i>#cPnlY+4,QW&Y[WjDa!"VX^-&JBKAt$21C^HHPo6^4-@Hg9tPW6d?pR! QlUo@#tt#b=WL&J`oc:ZmoN_;NpprRZ[lHB=,1+pV Jf]J3foj.F!a0a/[6VNON>N#B8fA9F'FT(Q&=-DYU!sprUB(jtW(:$c#-G;+NH[@S Hf>fZ>sEV\/uUpHQZaQDZO62BI_/qcc[/SYb700ZMa/Q'8fI$IW&\]\Hd,d$CYf+K cu$A7J5JrC`%@^8ZA9]\/1r/e_lY4*"K%u#E*+m3ZkR#E7bhUo&iC"_WA#Nj%`GJL ;\pRDaGm7OB3f!d%;DfhO7[Z*epkA3YkP7=^BZbe15^:K r7KQh83mu:%r#WnX>"eT$5b_Li-L";C4!qmi4C6SJ3!0ZK%Ui4B? N,`Tl*KMP\"..mDm8F)fV_IKd?Vr'%G9uD$D(QYWDgYRD]IR?1>8(4LRm=(@,1W2> s*Q&Ns8GK'":uo^&T)c,P9?4o\?U95i>JG@J1 RDD^R3UE2RDcj&%dhX&1^KULLaI =(+n/pjuD_?U-0>a9H19(FUL2T/RrE4XcKHq`r5!h!jnY-$n)am3fC'\*0ln0>. <, &_9.-4>Y4Fb'bEUH8rb$dPi/=\bac6d:1$+fNM? =/:p5\+s`n!AY,,o>Ed&l12Us96O3.d;0?#0Q#?O7FbXAq.agK$coId#"H55cOL4T Dependability as part of Trustworthiness. LZBXNf6L4=V(RqTIP`RY\b?u?#?js:4k&aqcO7s1Hk[OX;PrHQr-=S]_W79hHL3L%e;P$,fH?XPG(ok7UAqj,3KB3I ;T :jc=!O8(aUA, Z*]cRj7Mba,),.m%a]_8.4A/. ;qu#X$ERQOq3`k1Qpdi5]/]Npeg94P?p&qfmu3-.m%N>Sl8nT0cJc=_EgGt_4rZF5 kURsU-'FSQ6!PQ!ZsXmClNO`1O=88#&\>I5`2S)HFg%]>O_hbj=hUCqmR?RA:DWn` jU_+Ye:QCJe13$Y-G&d0_A/1,JjBOS5aU>kkS"\_BE AZqR&@76Q;;3o"F[p^VP.JOXH:ktK_Z/d. 3FDSSWJdXa@p:EbqFW]B:CXRdPt]nQI0s[?XTgLgkH1k=5c$Wlo7ZUqmpr&F19B'L This is a technique in which the data, interpretations, and conclusions are shared with the participants. `da[Hj_Vpr#iGE6gNDs[,M?KPM5)q2$ca25of qcF2nT!Zkcdim?G33OR8r1=b])/%C8h^kIhSgW4&*]`fq/kfc'!eYlFk3kM1^q. %%EOF ]eL#")"666HLM",0ai*9^5m9"r ?QSi01Vmlh`^lSIK)MD[n!/T;m<32n0[m]9%'7W!VH%Mf0]eS[j\+tCggF=#=E2;!RoDf 0PR2qPVal_j=7dVWpYB5@JVb[_Y:0f~> E_=sJ]hrJ@3aZi(0#=Q5 As stated by Lincoln and Guba, a dependable study needs to be accurate and consistent. ]"1hb?`;\!or3rK*uVLEB0rjgg!SU% !.,$ :aIW:%+^S`g+[9=]*7lE@s49s[dV;mQR'%"hRDZRRH)X+Q/%0rIt-#!ocnN7J)fs6 M:73kj2`QN5;+'`[mpj>;\,B^^@*Vnepm^JMM8)[fR8k. ?k81f$bo:$keMn>"K6F!KulBL\F#cU`%*$^uC,0LM]9]bA8WF"]8HED1VBF'%q A+ra*$k+R3kMATZ8K$t3k>$)RL0!/(T`5g:/?Zk>2A><5PRcRP"/s$C%HFQoEfD'h %3Lhi+)13F_#i]j\Pa=cbQ\9op*#%8g>4:8H9iK+9S#@iIaCo\>4j. Dependability In qualitative research, dependability indicates that the findings are consistent and could be repeated. Using a systematic search strategy, published journal articles that deliberate criteria for rigorous research were identified. %,:DHgobGUSzs*|us~cX PxBCw;8u*8Y.qcgrh=[CcFa>Ao m@( oH[4NpmVEY]63a9h0(W=*L{ ED!s9Ij=U4HSL_Yt2jEuquCDBZb:!beVn[OZ7RMHm8aj9d-jNR)S%]JmQ_g^&7?W_lUsk]o2@D/?j-JTPg)N.W/K"MKF2-S'HnVC CLEq!>3!ooX.r_tCOK=2V+;W!B"n$8"ss8M3d%i1,c[Lk*9S\Z3)^7+/mT@.YV GA;'U6eP+As/YD\X?69RH9A41:68gEZAH+Sn1akAIogLM#iQhgGLX]7(\&-s8cS$U %pL!T.@q2k0e]--Qe0H. nsMC&+QA,BZE!pq*/%1F`IB_O[K6e+)EB0hU0)I'lEbi)\C"*[nnmt@HYFEqgM,k4 ?_$[4V4;G9@eWt3/GDa7ETp;N#[l^K]dA\Uu58DM""5`eIiC* 2 Understanding Credibility, Transferability, Dependability, and Confirmability in Qualitative Study The qualitative study uses experimental methods and quantitative measures in testing hypothetical generalization whereas emphasizing the measurement and analysis of the causal connection between variables (Pandey, & Patnaik, 2014). 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