[15][16][17] Walter Mead estimates that approximately 365,000 Vietnamese civilians to have died as a result of the war during the period of American involvement. [18], R. J. Rummel estimated that PAVN/VC forces killed around 164,000 civilians in democide between 1954 and 1975 in South Vietnam, from a range of between 106,000 and 227,000, plus another 50,000 killed in North Vietnam. North Vietnam had won victory over the French and was likely to make South Vietnam submit to a Communist regime. During the final years of World War II, political leader Ho Chi Minh organized a group, the Viet Cong, to fight the powers in occupancy of the territory and take control. [3], A 1995 demographic study in Population and Development Review calculated 791,0001,141,000 war-related Vietnamese deaths, both soldiers and civilians, for all of Vietnam from 196575. Chrissy has taught secondary English and history and writes online curriculum. On Nov. 23, 1968, The Philadelphia Tribune wrote of large . The question of who won the Vietnam War has been a subject of debate, and the answer depends on the definition of victory. [48] In December 1966, the Blue Dragon Brigade reportedly perpetrated the Bnh Ha massacre. [36][37][38][39] The My Lai Massacre was initially written off as an operational success and covered up. The Vietnam War became a painful lesson for many - from Washington, D.C. to Smalltown America. He succeeded in 1954 and established a Communist government. A 1975 US Senate subcommittee estimated around 1.4 million civilian casualties in South Vietnam because of the war, including 415,000 deaths. Vietnam War: 1964-1973: 58,220: 153,303: 5,283: 1:2.6: 1:29.0 (0.03) Persian Gulf War: The 'shameful gamesmanship' practiced by 'certain reporting elements' under pressure to 'produce results' also shrouded the process. Chapter 14: "The cease-fire war claimed 26,500 ARVN dead in 1973, and almost 30,000 in 1974. 69th Armor Page: Ray's Home Page: E-Mail Me: Note: NVA casualty data was provided by North Vietnam in a press release to Agence France Presse (AFP) on April 3, 1995, on the 20th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War. Not until 1995 did Vietnam release its official estimate of war dead: as many as 2 million civilians on both sides and some 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. A South Vietnamese plane seeking Vietcong hiding places accidentally dropped its flaming napalm on civilians and government troops instead. Sources: World War II Honor List of Dead and Missing, June 1946; Battle Casualties of the Army, 30 September 1954; List of Casualties Incurred by U.S. Military Personnel in Connection with the Conflict in Vietnam, 30 September 1975. 151. We do not sell any of the items showcased on this site. Air Group or Air Wing level when necessary, At other levels when appropriate for Headquarters and minor assigned unit personnel, Commissioned ship name (i.e., "USS WHATEVER"), Task Force level (TF 115, TF 116, TF 117) for personnel assigned to the riverine and coastal forces, Naval Support Activity level for the shore establishment, Fleet Marine Force unit for Navy personnel assigned to FMF units, SEAL/UDT and SeaBee personnel are indexed under the next higher command. "The Vietnam Wars." In general, DD1300, DA2496, and DD1330 photographs are copyrighted and should not be copied. [36][37][41] All individuals killed in declared free-fire zones, combatants or not, were considered enemy killed in action by US forces . During warfare, some units take more casualties than other units. Shelby L. Stanton, 'The Rise and Fall of an American Army,' Spa Books, 1989, xvi. In Qung Nam Province 4,700 civilians were killed in 1969. [5], In 1995, the Vietnamese government released its estimate of war deaths for the more lengthy period of 195575. [citation needed] Black people often made up a disproportionate 25% or more of combat units, while constituting only 12% of the military. [99][100] In 2012 alone, unexploded ordnance and claimed 500 casualties in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, according to activists and Vietnamese government databases. combat, provided close combat support or were at least fairly regularly. The terms of this expansion included yet more funding and arms, but a key alteration was the commitment of U.S. soldiers to the region. Two further massacres were reported by soldiers who had taken part in them, one north of c Pho in, 426 killed in action, 74 died of other causes, 6 missing in action (all accounted for and repatriated), This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 15:26. Unit Best Practice Resources Sample Unit LDP Orders Leadership Toolkits . These alphabetical indexes are for your convenience but do not represent the order of names on the Wall. It is estimated that South Vietnam lost between 200,000 and 250,000 fighters. In 1982 the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C., inscribed with the names of 57,939 members of U.S. armed forces who had died or were missing as a result of the war. As of 2014, 221 Virginian deaths have been identified. The US entered into war with Vietnam because they did not want the spread of Communism to occur in the democratic state of South Vietnam. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. [11][23]:106 R.J. Rummel estimated that ARVN suffered between 219,000 and 313,000 deaths during the war, including in 1975 and prior to 1960. My Lai (4) and My Khe (4) (collectively the My Lai Massacre) claimed the largest number of victims with 420 and 90 respectively, and in five other places a total of about 100 civilians were executed. Per war: 191,605 deaths in the First Indochina War, 849,018 deaths in the Second Indochina War (Vietnam War), and 105,627 deaths in the Third Indochina War. This list is organized in alphabetical order, and can be used to determine the place on the Vietnam Memorial where an individual's name can be found - the panel and line number to the right of the name. The vietnam war Pictures That Moved Them Most . [25][30], 18.2 million gallons of Agent Orange, some of which was contaminated with Dioxin, was sprayed by the U.S. military over more than 10% of Southern Vietnam[31] as part of the U.S. herbicidal warfare program Operation Ranch Hand during the Vietnam War, from 1961 to 1971. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Commander George L. Jackson said, "In response to this criticism, the Department of Defense took steps to readjust force levels in order to achieve an equitable proportion and employment of Negroes in Vietnam." Morning muster on July 2 for the eight companies (A,B,D,E,G,H,I & K) involved in the suicidal attack was 262, and evening muster on the same day was 47. Grand total of war deaths: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (1954-75) 1,450,000: 2,450,000: 3,595,000: Civilian deaths in the Vietnam War . These estimates probably include deaths of Vietnamese soldiers in Laos and Cambodia, but do not include deaths of South Vietnamese and allied soldiers which would add nearly 300,000 for a grand total of 3.4 million military and civilian dead. History 308: Causes and Effects of the Vietnam War, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Participants & Strategies in the Vietnam War, Casualties of the Vietnam War: Causes & Statistics, Primary Source: Brent Scowcroft's 'Escape from South Vietnam' Memorandum, Postwar Relations Between America and Vietnam, Vietnam Veterans Memorial: Description & History, Primary Source: New York Times' Article on Tribute to Vietnam Dead, Vietnam Syndrome: Definition, Causes & Impact, Studying for History 308: Causes & Effects of the Vietnam War, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, ILTS Social Science - History (246): Test Practice and Study Guide, SAT Subject Test World History: Practice and Study Guide, Praxis Elementary Education: Multiple Subjects (5001) Prep, History 307: American Civil Rights Movement, Praxis Fundamental Subjects: Content Knowledge (5511) Prep, Praxis Elementary Education: Social Studies Subtest (5004) Prep, US History - Civil War: Lesson Plans & Resources, 6th Grade World History I: Homeschool Curriculum, The French and Indian War Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Middle Colonies Economic Industry Activities, New England Colonies Economic Industry Activities, Sugar Act Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Sons of Liberty Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Boston Tea Party Activities for 4th Grade, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. This totals, from a range of between 16,000 and 167,000 deaths caused by South Vietnam during the (Dim-era), and 42,000 and 118,000 deaths caused by South Vietnam in the post Dim-era), excluding PAVN forces killed by the ARVN in combat. Discover the countries that took part in the Vietnam war and how many people died in the Vietnam war. [61], According to the Vietnamese government's national survey and assessment of war casualties (March 2017), there were 849,018 PAVN military personnel dead, including combat death and non-combat death, from the period between 1960 and 1975. Vietnam War Almanac: An In-Depth Guide to the Most Controversial Conflict in American History. All three men died in spring of 2020 of COVID-19 after . The officially-reported numbers and categories below cover American Vietnam War deaths by age group, branch of service, service component, type of death, reason for death, race, religion, sex, state/protectorate and deaths by war year (including post . The Virtual Wall uses the Coffelt Database (CDB) for unit assignment information. In addition, at least 36,000 Southern civilians were executed for various reasons in the period 19671972. The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died. Vietnamese soldiers and an unknown number of civilian casualties in South and North Vietnam (Browne 1994: 1). The oldest man killed was 62 years old. During that period, they stated, they lost 849,018 killed plus approximately 232,000 missing and 463,000 wounded. Defense Department officials believed that these body count figures need to be deflated by 30 percent. Pentagon statistics listed 39,000 and 61,000 PRG/DRV dead for the same time period.". Meanwhile, the United States, its military demoralized and its civilian electorate deeply divided, began a process of coming to terms with defeat in what had been its longest and most controversial war. It is still a concern in Southeast Asia today. Estimates for PAVN deaths in the Easter Offensive alone vary from 40,000 to 100,000 in western sources. The United States has spent over $65 million since 1998 as part of unexploded ordnance clearing operations. Few Marines units were involved in the U.S. military actions in Cambodia or Laos, and while 1. st. . North Vietnam and the United States reached a peace agreement shortly after withdrawal. In 1976, the Vietnamese government organized Gathering Teams to find the remains of dead soldiers. ARMY * [70], RJ Rummel estimates 1,011,000 PAVN/VC combatant deaths. Other nations such as Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and the Philippines provided a limited number of troops to South Vietnamese forces. 1. Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths (Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General), 1 June 1953, 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Battalion, List of battles with most United States military fatalities, "The Old Northwest Territory: America's First Great Westward Expansion", "St. Clair's Campaign of 1791: A Defeat in the Wilderness That Helped Forge Today's U.S. Army", http://www.gdg.org/Research/MOLLUS/mollus7.html, "Chapter 3: The Siege and Capture of Corregidor", "Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 1st Battalion 75th Ranger Regiment", "The Korean War. [45] One example cited by Turse is Operation Speedy Express, an operation by the 9th Infantry Division, which was described by John Paul Vann as, in effect, "many My Lais". This was the turning point and the start of South Vietnam's defeat. Using the university's mainframe computers to read the reel-to-reel computer tapes, Tom integrated the two databases and converted the information into a commonly used small-computer format. This was part of the Cold War effort to prevent the spread of Communism across the globe. . Unit: Nickname: KIA: Comment: 1st Cavalry Division: First . It's a sober fact we're meant to be reminded of on Memorial Day, particularly in light of the nearly 7,000 U.S. troops killed, and the many more wounded, over the last decade in our most recent and ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. [60] Prior to the 1975 spring offensive, at least 5,336 ARVN were captured, being released in the aftermath of the Paris Peace Accords. The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History The overwhelming majority of the MIA are from northern Vietnam. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. During the height of the conflict, Navy personnel scouted the rivers and canals of the sprawling Mekong Delta for communist guerrilla forces, arms, and ammunition. 13 chapters | As this was two years before the IBM PC (personal computer) came on the market, the work necessarily was done the old-fashioned way: by library research, travel, and in hand-writing. [62] Across all three wars including the First Indochina War and the Third Indochina War there was a total of 1,146,250 PAVN/VC confirmed military deaths, included 939,460 with bodies recovered and 207,000 with the bodies unfound. Vietnam's government claimed that 400,000 people were killed or maimed as a result of after effects, and that 500,000 children were born with birth defects. Dr. Shulimson heads the History Writing Unit and is a graduate of the University of Buffalo, now the State University of New York at Buffalo. All written content, illustrations, and photography are unique to this website (unless where indicated) and not for reuse/reproduction in any form. By the height of the Vietnam War in the late 1960's, the U.S. Air Force had 1,900 medics conducting medical operations in Southeast Asia. War on Terrorism, 2000-2014. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., lists more than 58,300 names of members of the U.S. armed forces who were killed or went missing in action. Operation Rolling Thunder History & Facts | What Was Operation Rolling Thunder? The United States entered Vietnam with the principal purpose of preventing a communist takeover of the region. Others now continue the work Richard began 30 years ago. KIA. [1][note 1] The word casualty has been used in a military context since at least 1513. According to a 2009 study, one third of land in the central provinces of Vietnam is still contaminated with unexploded mines and ordnance. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File, 1850-2010: see the "National Cemeteries and Beneficiaries" section below. From a Marine second lieutenant in New Jersey who commanded a rifle platoon in Vietnam. [25], Operating under the direction of the CIA and other US and South Vietnamese Intel organizations and carried out by ARVN units alongside US advisers was the Phoenix Program, intended to neutralise the VC political infrastructure, whom were the civilian administration of the Viet Cong/Provisional Revolutionary Government via infiltration, capture, counter-terrorism, interrogation, and assassination. Despite the loss of members of the unit on that day and one later in the week, Don praised the unit's overall performance. Many movements on the home front arose in the early 1970s to end the war, which sped the process of withdrawing troops along. These deaths made up about 40% of the total casualties. This Vietnam War Covert Special Ops Unit Is The Deadliest You Never Heard Of. NAVY * The Vietnam War officially came to an end in 1975 when South Vietnam surrendered to North Vietnam, unable to maintain the fight. Following the end of French colonial rule in 1954 and break-up of the former French Indochina, the United States assumed the political mentorship and primary . 1968 Tet Offensive - Hanoi failed in its most ambitious goal of producing a general uprising in the South, it suffered more than 45,267 (mainly Viet Cong) deaths but gained a propaganda, political and strategic victory. French Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) - 1,250,000 . Battle of Hamburger Hill. [93][94] With the draft increasing due to the troop buildup in South Vietnam, the military significantly lowered its admission standards. Vietnam War. Who had the highest casualty rates in the Vietnam War? A mass exodus in 1975 of people loyal to the South Vietnamese cause was followed by another wave in 1978 of boat people, refugees fleeing the economic restructuring imposed by the communist regime. The Viet Cong used the jungle terrain to their advantage both as a means of hiding, as well as a place to bury pressure-sensor explosives to wipe out unsuspecting bands of patrolling enemy forces. He was not killed in action but murdered by another U.S. airman and later died of his wounds on 8 June, 1956. I had just returned from Iraq and was working with Vietnam veterans who'd served in . The Viet Cong amassed an estimated 2.3 million troops by 1975. This article displays the highest percentage of casualties among American units, including those wiped out as an effective force. By Spencer C. Tucker ", Viet Cong and Peoples Army of Vietnam use of terror in the Vietnam War, Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam, United Nations High Commission for Refugees, Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate, "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", "20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate", http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/datasets/ucdp_prio_armed_conflict_dataset/, http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a032189.pdf, Countering Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century, Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century. To arrive at the casualty figure of 215, the Regimental Historian (Lt. Wm. Necessarily, more is lost to time than is remembered. Deaths in Cambodia and Laos were estimated at 273,000 and 62,000 respectively. He received his B.A. Back in the US, support for the war waned and calls to withdraw from Vietnam grew louder. * From 1956-1964, 417Americans died in Vietnam. The Vietnam War was a long, deadly struggle that took place from 1954 to 1975 between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The sum of those totals is 3,091,000 war deaths between 195575. [33][34] The United States government has challenged these figures as being unreliable. Around 2 million civilians were killed in the territories of North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Week of November 22. A casualty is just a soldier who is no longer available for the immediate battle or campaign, the major consideration in combat. She has an M.S.Ed. non-hostile occurrence or who were missing in action or prisoners of war in the Southeast Asian combat area during the Vietnam War, including casualties that occurred in Cambodia, China, Laos, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, and Thailand. The Vietnam War was fought between 1954 (following the departure of the French) through 1975, when South Vietnam surrendered to North Vietnam. The names of those who gave their lives and of those who remain missing are inscribed in the order they . Rummel does not give a medium or high estimate. 58,148 were killed in Vietnam, 75,000 severely disabled, 23,214 were 100% disabled, 5,283 lost limbs and 1,081 sustained multiple amputations. Over 58,000 American lives were lost in the fighting. [101], Agent Orange and similar chemical defoliants have also caused a considerable number of deaths and injuries over the years, including among the US Air Force crew that handled them. Not until 1995 did Vietnam release its official estimate of war dead: as many as 2 million civilians on both sides and some 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. * The 143 men subsequently declared dead between 1973 and 2002 are not included in these totals. He recalled the attack and said, "We go in, and the helicopter started . . The Army instigated myriad reforms, addressed issues of discrimination and prejudice from the post exchanges to the lack of black officers, and introduced "Mandatory Watch And Action Committees" into each unit. Devon has tutored for almost two years. [29] American bombing in Cambodia is estimated to have killed between 30,000 and 150,000 civilians and combatants. The earliest casualty record contains a date of death of . In reality, it is a collection of ideas, images, and information that enough people have chosen to preserve and disseminate. WIA. Johnson raised the number of South Vietnam deployments to 23,000 U.S. soldiers by the end of his first year in office. More than 58,000 American casualties of the Vietnam War are commemorated on the Vietnam Wall in Washington, DC. 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