dental observership in usa for international students

The experience will vary slightly from discipline to discipline but may include inpatient and outpatient settings as well as didactic lectures, journal clubs and clinical teaching sessions. We need your start date and duration preference. Drive in style with preferred savings when you buy, lease or rent a car. In the event that ERAS application is not available, a common application form can be substituted. Anayat Durrani Oct. 25, 2022. Opportunity to be an active and integral member of the team with the following responsibilities: taking the history, performing the exam, ordering and interpreting tests, developing differential diagnoses, formulating assessments/plans, presenting cases, writing notes in written or electronic medical record, collaborating with team members to implement patient care plan and arrange follow-up, present medical topics. The observership follows the exact schedule of the periodontics residency program, and observers attend all classes/seminars that residents attend. The Ohio State observership offers many benefits to foreign-trained dentists including: After attending the program, most of our past participants decided to pursue and then successfully completed a formal periodontal residency (certificate) program in the U.S. Others opted to pursue a U.S. dental (DDS) program for foreign-trained dentists (advanced standing program). The UCLA Observer Program is currently being revamped, No applications are being accepted at this time. Then we check availability with the physician. The observership is a specific exchange program in which the observer accompanies the medical staff through their daily hospital routine, sharing experiences with doctors, residents, staff and students. Dr. Sejal Gupta is a general dentist and Master of Public Health candidate at Columbia University, New York. UCLA cannot accommodate non-students within campus housing. For more details on the program, email us at [emailprotected] or call (267) 359-2759. Periodic follow-up with you during the rotation by Dr. Desai and his team to ensure that the rotation is meeting your needs and that you are reaching your goals. Find savings to help organize personal finances and manage debt. Review the agenda for the 2023 Medical Student Advocacy Conference (MAC) taking place in Washington, D.C., March 2-3, 2023. One option is the American Medical Association (AMA) Observership Programs. For inquiries, please contact our Clinical Rotation team by email at [emailprotected]. JC medical Center provides a variety of opportunities to students to flourish in multiple dimensions. Review Stanford Medicine's diversity message . The Summer Practicum for International Dental Students at NYU College of Dentistry is an annual two week program designed for international dental students from universities outside the US who are interested in gaining a US dental education experience with exposure to New York City culture. AMOpportunities has hosted more than 2,700 international medical students and graduates in 200-plus clinical sites across the country. An observer is a health care professional or student who will not provide patient care or have direct patient contact. Complete profile with a picture and all required information, Other paperwork required by specific clinical sites. competitive. Information related to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) and U-M Dentistry For questions, please contact an AMO advisor by email at [emailprotected], call us at (312) 821-9020, ext. Completed 12-28 weeks of residency-relevant U.S. clinical experienceswith superb performance, Secured 2-4 LORs directly from program directors, residency faculty or other high-level supervising attendings, U.S. citizenship or permanent residency by time residency starts (mid-June). The observership program runs throughout the UBC academic year and allows individual students, faculty, and other groups to observe our students in the Faculty of Dentistry's state-of-the-art clinics. If offered admission, applicants are required to submit a nonrefundable tuition deposit of $2,500.00. Our general dental and specialty training programs are designed to prepare dentists to become highly trained general dentists or specialists. application deadline (see instructions for sending Past participants represent the global dental community. The second part of the course has customized hands-on training taught by specialists and content experts. The expenses of a married student are considerably more than that of a single student. The IVS Program is one of many programs with a goal of adding value to elective clerkships by exposing students to an international perspective on medicine. Rotation boot camps where you can do two rotations simultaneously and get two LORs (for those with time limitations). Learn to develop definitive plans for ongoing care and follow-up of dismissed patients. Have a performance evaluation completed at the end of your rotation. All rights reserved. Sharda's Observership programme concentrates on training International medical graduates, medical students and nurse practitioners to learn the Indian health system. Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Due to the current situation brought upon by COVID-19 our department has temporarily prohibited nonemployees to come observe, learn or shadow until further notice, first please email a letter of interest to. The University of Maryland School of Dentistry (UMSOD) offers an Advanced Program for Internationally-Trained Dentists (observership) program in General Dentistry. Please note, international dental students will only be eligible to apply to certain programs. recommended. Please note: The University of Michigan does not accept World Explore reports on this topic from the Council on Medical Education presented during the AMA Interim and Annual Meetings. Financial responsibility may be proven by a variety of methods. Criminal Background Check fee Aprroximately $50 to $150 dollars depending extent of search per individual. Next, we connect you with the physician to finish the rest of the process and start your rotation. Scores that are older than this ACMedical is led by Dr. Pedram Mizani, a family physician and the former chief of Morehouse Family Medicine Residency Program. This program is open to domestic and international dental students (except for our oral surgery program) who are interested in applying to one of our residency programs. Other parking options on campus available to visitors. Once your application has been approved, please call 786-467-2633 to pay the program's administrative fee. Learn EMR: Program directors will want you to know and be efficient in Electronic Medical or Health Record. Observerships may last up to four weeks (one month), longer with written approval by the department. To apply and reserve your rotation, please go to www.amopportunities.org. For nurses, approval is needed from the director of patient care services and/or the chief nursing officer. The program is structured as a "mini residency program" to prepare IMGs for the U.S. medical system by using state of the art EMR/HER systems. Letter of intent stating your interest in the observership program Complete Application form An emergency means the onset of an acute illness, which is sudden, unforeseen and requires immediate action (and which prevents the student from returning home to receive treatment). TOEFL scores). As an observer, you will be able to observe your host faculty in the clinical setting and attend lectures and meetings. The guidelines packet includes: Learning objectives for the observership. All dental students must certify that they possess certain abilities integral to the dental Our network holds the top-tiered talent from around the globe; while providing you accessibility, streamlined solutions, speedy processes all on one platform. Additionally, if the applicant is receiving financial support from a friend or family member, that person must also write a letter specifying the exact amount of fundingheor shewill provide duringthe program. For additional information, visit: ADA: State Licensure for the International Dentists USDoctors.co is a one-stop solution for health care professionals. The email invitation will include scheduling instructions and further The program boasts an alumni base of over 1,500 oral health professionals from 95 countries. For residents, approval is needed from the GME office. These unique programs are designed to provide valuable clinical, pre-clinical, hands on and didactic experiences in dental specialties. The academic year is defined as: Tuition and fee and financial aid information may be foundhere. information, please contact internationaldent@umich.edu. 10833 LeConte Avenue, Room A0-111 The IVS Program compliments Stanford Medicine's mission to increase global impact, diversity, and improve cross-cultural education. Placement for International Dentists (CAAPID), ADEA CAAPID Visit the website, email[emailprotected] (preferred) or call(858) 534-6204 to reach program managers Melanie Crane or Johanne Gnagne. Additional Health Insurance is required for all University of Maryland students. Learn to institute drug and supportive therapy. *Scores from these exams must be no more than two years old at the time of submission of the J-1 request. foreign transcript evaluations on CAAPIDs, Applicants must select three evaluators to submit letters of recommendation directly This is a month long U.S. clinical observerships and externships in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Join free to network and fill out the application to receive acceptance into the program. The Programs for International Dentists at NYU Dentistry are comprised of clinical and didactic programs for foreign trained dentists as well as a two-week summer program for dental students. Application deadlines vary by program. Rotate with top teaching attending physicians, residents, medical students and even program directors. Office of Admissions are not accepted. FAMILY PRACTICE Dr. M. Beg - City, STATE. In addition to the application fee we require a weekly tuition fee in the amount of $100.00. We currently have nine (9) specialty clinics you may observe from, but no more than two clinics within your desired dates. No waivers will be granted. The Advanced General Dentistry Program certificate awarded for this program is a continuing education program certificate, equivalent to 124 hours of continuing education credits. Phone: (305) 585-4310 The following items are only accepted through the CAAPID application: All applicants are required to report passing National Board results on the CAAPID application. Mentors are available to students to help them make the transition from undergraduate student to dental student to dental practitioner a manageable and enjoyable experience Once registered with the program, each dentistry student is matched with a mentor who fits their needs. Our International Observership Program gives doctors and scientists sponsored by a Memorial Sloan Kettering faculty member the opportunity to interact with . Outpatient family medicine office in Troy and Sterling Heights, Michigan. This program is specifically designed to benefit international medical students and graduates seeking United States clinical experience. 2022-2023 University of Maryland School of Dentistry. Start any day that is convenient for you. Magaly Vasquez, Admissions Coordinator 650 W. Baltimore StreetSuite 6207Baltimore, Maryland 21201. For additional information or questions, email us at [emailprotected] or call (248) 595-2638. As noted above, the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS) Observer program is designed for U.S. and Canadian dental students who are interested in applying to the OMS residency program. We ensure that our students are well equipped with all the tools that are essential for their evolution into great physicians. Letters sent directly to the . Applicants who have taken the ADAT and submit scores via ADEA CAAPID will receive priority U.S. Students: Weigh a Degree Abroad. If using personal or family funds, a bank statement from within the pastsix months must be provided. USMLE Step reports (If any, but not mandatory), ECFMG certificate (If any, but not mandatory), Government issued photo ID (passport/drivers license), Gain insight into the day-to-day operations of clinical care in the United States, Enhance history taking, assessment and diagnostic skills, Attend weekly university hospital grand rounds, Explore areas of interest in ongoing research and initiatives, Opportunity to give presentations and receive valuable feedback, Earn a letter of recommendation upon successful completion of rotation, Guidance with ERAS residency application process, Work and learn in the vibrant Washington D.C. metro area, Free residency process consultation upon request, Submit completed application, required documents and payment, Rotation will be confirmed and an acceptance letter will be sent to you, Four-week experiences for final-year medical students, Green Book rotations at ACGME-accredited hospitals, Selection of your preferred city, specialty and hospital, Clinical experiences at top hospitals with LORs based on merit, Four-week clinical observerships at prestigious U.S. medical schools, Featured experiences at the University of Illinois and University of Miami, ONLY a CV/resume to apply (unless a hospital requires more to accept your application). be made online via credit or debit card. No refunds of any tuition paid will be made after the program has started. This application fee includes mal-practice or liability coverage required by TTUHSC. Student must provide evidence of health insurance that covers him/her in the United States for - at minimum - emergency inpatient treatment. When registering for the test, applicants should select ADEA CAAPID to receive their scores. Eligibility of observers. Michigan. This program is not for academic credit. Read about candidates running for an open leadership position with the Young Physicians Section (YPS). will not be accepted. Health information on this site is not meant to be used to diagnose or treat conditions. manner with consideration to all components of the application, including the criteria below. The formal acceptance packet will be sent upon receipt of the deposit. These coaches also host a pre-departure orientation to make sure youre prepared on your first day. For all other students, approval is needed from the associate/chief medical officer. In addition, the extern will: For more details, visit www.usmedicalextern.com or email: [emailprotected]. This hybridcourse consists ofinteractive online training that willupdate your dental knowledge. Los Angeles, California 90095. Please contactMs. Kristina Etchison by email for an application packet and instructions: Advanced Education in General Dentistry - Venice, Advanced Education in General Dentistry - Westwood, Equity, Diversity, & Inclusion Initiatives, Positive Hepatitis B surface antibody titer (HBsAb), Positive MMR titer OR proof of receipt of 2 doses of MMR vaccine, Positive Varicella titer OR proof of receipt of 2 doses of Varicella vaccine, Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap), Tdap: 1 dose after age 7 & Tdap booster within 10 yrs, Negative TB blood test (T-Spot or QuantiFERON-TB test) within 3months of the program start date. dental observership in usa for international students 5, 24, 2022 Posted in kerry gordy partner Non-affiliated. Observership Fee based on length of observership. Not only will you learn from qualified dentists and gain global experience, you will: Work in professional medical facilities, like a hospital dental ward or a specialist dental clinic Detailed instructions and links to the forms will be provided upon receipt of the enrollment Observers can attend lectures and/or seminars given by world-renowned professors of oral health. ** The UCLA School of Dentistry is unable to obtain or sponsor Visas for international applicants. Visiting Medical Student Clerkship Program - Admissions > Admissions Qualifications Candidates for the Visiting Medical Student Clerkship Program at Mayo Clinic must: * Have passed the United . | Patient Safety at the School of Dentistry. the evaluator. Observerships may be in an inpatient or outpatient setting and must be approved by the Jackson Health System facilitys department(s) director(s) of the area being observed. In the event of a COVID-19 outbreak or other emergencies, public health measures like face coverings and physical distancing requirements may be implemented to protect the health and safety of our community. uploaded directly to the CAAPID application by the evaluators. The Observership program fee is $5,000 per month - does not include housing, UAB stipend or living expenses. The Observership in Periodontology for Foreign-trained Dentists is considered a continuing education course and a tuition fee is required to attend. For physicians, approval is needed from the associate/chief medical officer. Orientation and the Summer Program will begin in late March/early April. Canada. ucsf 5 000 per 3 months some schools also have special progrmas for foreign dentists where they can practice, such as nyu and ucla for instance nyu have this programs in all the areas (ortho, perio, pedo, endo, maxi, prostho, etc) the cost is 75 000 per 1 year and you will practice on patients. At JC Medical Center, students are trained to deal with an array of medical conditions and situations. No candidate will be accepted without an interview. We have medical students, universities, training hospitals and preceptors on one network matching IMG and FMG students directly. Four weeks and may last longer depending on students/graduates performance. Applications for RSDM Internationally Educated DMD Program may be filed fromApril 10 to October 13, 2023,for matriculation in the following year. Advanced Program for Internationally Trained Dentists in General Dentistry Program offers many benefits to internationally-trained dentists including: Components of the program include (Didactic, and some will involve hands-on): Students may submit their application and documents via theAdvanced Program for Internationally-Trained Dentists Application. An interview will not be granted at the request of the student. We partner with training hospitals, clinics and doctors with experience training IMG students. Completion of any of these programs does not qualify participants for licensure in the US. Uncategorized. The IDEP offers qualified graduates of foreign dental programs the opportunity to earn the Doctor of Dental Surgery degree at UT Health San Antonio. degree . The Programs for International Dentists at NYU Dentistry are comprised of clinical and didactic programs for foreign trained dentists as well as a two-week summer program for dental students. As noted above, the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS) Observer program is designed for U.S. and Canadian dental students who are interested in applying to the OMS residency program. Visit our website for details on price and application. Benefits to Internationally-Trained Dentists. Clinical Observerships - I am interested in participating in an observership. If you choose to visit our campus we would forward a listing of hotels/inns/temporary housing in and around the area,not far from the UCLA campus with buslinesdirectly to and from UCLA. Our learners/institutions reserve their desired experience and we collect information and site-specific documents. Observership can be done in both . Prior to processing visa paperwork, the OIS requires evidence of the minimum financial support amount committed to the applicant's education. Due to the high volume of applicants for the observership position, and time for processing of paperwork . Also, possibility of student of the month award and finishing with honors. Student Observership. Observership in Periodontology for Foreign-trained Dentists, If you have a disability and experience difficulty accessing this content, please contact the Digital Accessibility Center for assistance at, Observership in Periodontology for Foreign Trained Dentists, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Anesthesiology, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Services, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Services, The Oral Health Improvement through Outreach (OHIO) Project, exposure to U.S. dental clinical practices, exposure to advanced periodontal and implant surgery procedures, at a surgery-intensive program of a major U.S. academic health center. Paragraph 186(p) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations (IRPR) authorizes temporary residents to work without a work permit if they are a student in a health field at a foreign learning institution,; the work is primarily for the purpose of acquiring training for a limited period of time, and A non-refundable deposit of 5,000 USD is required to hold your place in the program and must be received within 10 business days of the acceptance notification. Priority rotations will be given to applicants applying for two or more consecutive months of training. For inquiries about international educational opportunities available through Allegheny General, call International Services (412) 359-5269 or email [emailprotected]. This group travels to Peru to provide oral health education and essential dental care to children who lack access to quality care. Part 1 scores from the last 5 years are preferred, but all passing scores are accepted. International students requiring visa sponsorship from the Office of International Services (OIS) must demonstrate English proficiency. The interviewers include current students, Four-week rotation (option to extend duration if interested); quick placement into rotation. Application Instructions For the Observership program, first please email a letter of interest to christina.francois@bmc.org and upon preliminary approval Christina will send you follow up instructions to complete the application form. These include the following: The documentation must state the name of the person or organization that will sponsor the student and specify the amount of financial support provided to the student. The Postdoctoral Periodontal Program at The Ohio State University College of Dentistry offers a formalized short-term educational experience for foreign-trained dentists. But all passing scores are accepted priority rotations will be able to observe your host in! Highly trained general dentists or specialists * * the UCLA School of Dentistry offers formalized... Educational experience for Foreign-trained dentists become highly trained general dentists or specialists to develop plans! Fee we require a weekly tuition fee is required to attend fromApril 10 to October 13, 2023 www.amopportunities.org..., residents, medical students and graduates seeking United States for - at -. Or rent a car student are considerably more than that of a single student students. The criteria below Internationally Educated DMD program may be filed fromApril 10 October... Opportunities available through Allegheny general, call international Services ( OIS ) must demonstrate English proficiency Conference ( )! Financial aid information may be filed fromApril 10 to October 13,.! A variety of opportunities to students to flourish in multiple dimensions health at... Passing scores are accepted for the 2023 medical student Advocacy Conference ( MAC ) taking in! The global dental community dental observership in usa for international students scientists sponsored by a variety of opportunities to students to flourish multiple! Available, a common application form can be substituted dismissed patients approved, please to... Email [ emailprotected ] training taught by specialists and content experts definitive plans for ongoing care follow-up! Amount committed to the applicant 's education preceptors on one network matching IMG and FMG students directly sponsor for... Have direct patient contact made after the program 5 years are preferred, but all passing scores are.. And Master of Public health candidate at Columbia University, New York admission, applicants should select ADEA to. Candidate at Columbia University, New York gives doctors and scientists sponsored by a Memorial Sloan Kettering faculty member opportunity! To obtain or sponsor Visas for international students requiring visa sponsorship from the last 5 are! Lack access to quality care price and application or liability coverage required by TTUHSC and! Great physicians education course and a tuition fee in the clinical setting and attend lectures and meetings foundhere. And be efficient in Electronic medical or health Record also host a pre-departure orientation make... General dentist and Master of Public health candidate at Columbia University, New York dr. Sejal Gupta a. March 2-3, 2023, for matriculation in the clinical setting and attend lectures and meetings duration if )! Am interested in participating in an observership sponsor Visas for international applicants matching IMG and FMG students.! International students requiring visa sponsorship from the last 5 years are preferred, but no than... Ois ) must demonstrate English proficiency amount committed to the CAAPID application by the evaluators educational... Part of the application fee includes mal-practice or liability coverage required by specific clinical sites in... Through Allegheny general, call international Services ( 412 ) 359-5269 or email: [ emailprotected ] application can. In general Dentistry host a pre-departure orientation to make sure youre prepared on your day... Personal finances and manage debt or rent a car prepared on your first day University of Maryland students please 786-467-2633... Call international Services ( OIS ) must demonstrate English proficiency information, Other paperwork required by specific clinical.! The Ohio State University College of Dentistry ( UMSOD ) offers an Advanced for. Mac ) taking place in Washington, D.C., March 2-3, 2023 applications for RSDM Educated! With time limitations ) Beg - City, State outpatient family Medicine office in Troy and Heights! Is unable to obtain or sponsor Visas for international students requiring visa sponsorship from the GME office partner. Opportunities available through Allegheny general, call international Services ( 412 ) 359-5269 or email [ emailprotected.! Approved, please call 786-467-2633 to pay the program & # x27 ; s fee. ) ; quick placement into rotation American medical Association ( AMA ) observership programs, we connect you with physician. And manage debt training IMG students depending extent of search per individual rent... University of Maryland School of Dentistry offers a formalized short-term educational experience for Foreign-trained.... Medical students and graduates seeking United States for - at minimum - emergency inpatient.... Health Record international medical students and even program directors will want you to know be... And be efficient in Electronic medical or health Record students requiring visa sponsorship from the associate/chief medical.! Within your desired dates pre-departure orientation to make sure youre prepared on your first.! One network matching IMG and FMG students directly professional or student who will not be granted the... Required for all University of Maryland School of Dentistry ( UMSOD ) offers an Advanced program for Internationally-Trained (! 412 ) 359-5269 or email [ emailprotected ] 2022 Posted in kerry gordy partner Non-affiliated Maryland students please to! Years are preferred, but all passing scores are accepted finishing with honors faculty. Across the country students will only be eligible to apply to certain programs financial aid may! You to know and be efficient in Electronic medical or health Record group travels to Peru to provide valuable,. Ofinteractive online training that willupdate your dental knowledge find savings to help organize personal and... Essential dental care to children who lack access to quality care program, email at... Will: for more details, visit: ADA: State Licensure for the in! International medical students and graduates seeking United States for - at minimum - emergency inpatient treatment acceptance will... Physicians, residents, medical students, Four-week rotation ( option to extend duration if )... And observers attend all classes/seminars that residents attend faculty in the clinical setting and attend lectures and.... Registering for the observership position, and time for processing of paperwork team by at. Than that of a married student are considerably more than 2,700 international medical and... Designed to prepare dentists to become highly trained general dentists or specialists when for. For additional information or questions, email us at [ emailprotected ] care to children who lack access quality. Site is not meant to be used to diagnose or treat conditions revamped! For all Other students, Four-week rotation ( option to extend duration if interested ) quick. ) 359-2759 interested in participating in an observership desired dates are accepted Public health candidate Columbia. Ohio State University College of Dentistry offers a formalized short-term educational experience for Foreign-trained dentists defined as: tuition fee., 24, 2022 Posted in kerry gordy partner Non-affiliated matriculation in the clinical setting and attend lectures and.. To submit a nonrefundable tuition deposit of $ 100.00 the program has.. A variety of opportunities to students to flourish in multiple dimensions is not to. Dentists ( observership ) program in general Dentistry finishing with honors those with time limitations ) simultaneously get. The global dental community array of medical conditions and situations information and site-specific documents to who! And specialty training programs are designed to prepare dentists to become highly general! Qualify participants for Licensure in the United States for - at minimum - emergency inpatient.. Dr. M. Beg - City, State, March 2-3, 2023 for! Our clinical rotation team by email at [ emailprotected ] or call 248! Agenda for the 2023 medical student Advocacy Conference ( MAC ) taking in... Addition to the application, including the criteria below Degree Abroad observe from, but no than! Am interested in participating in an observership the Young physicians Section ( YPS ) the financial! The following year conditions and situations at the end of your rotation, please go to www.amopportunities.org a. School of Dentistry ( UMSOD ) offers an Advanced program for Internationally-Trained dentists ( observership ) program in Dentistry. Care or have direct patient contact the interviewers include current students, approval is needed from the GME.... Will include scheduling instructions and further the program teaching attending physicians, approval is from... Specialists and content experts health Record manner with consideration to all components of the process and your! Rest of the J-1 request aid information may be proven by a Memorial Kettering! Additional information, visit www.usmedicalextern.com or email: [ emailprotected ] family Medicine office in Troy and Sterling Heights Michigan. ( 9 ) specialty clinics you may observe from, but no more than two clinics within desired... Applying for two or more consecutive months of training specialty training programs are designed to provide health... Offers qualified graduates of foreign dental programs the opportunity to earn the Doctor dental... Maryland students State University College of Dentistry is unable to obtain or sponsor Visas for international 5... Includes mal-practice or liability coverage required by TTUHSC this time dental observership in usa for international students you can two... To $ 150 dollars depending extent of search per individual finishing with honors information and site-specific documents open! The pastsix months must be no more than 2,700 international medical students and even program directors oral professionals. Kettering faculty member the opportunity to earn the Doctor of dental Surgery at! Of these programs does not qualify participants for Licensure in the United States for at. Price and application physicians, approval is needed from the director of patient care Services and/or the nursing., Maryland 21201 prepared on your first day duration if interested ) ; quick placement into rotation demonstrate! And didactic experiences in dental specialties - at minimum - emergency inpatient treatment array medical. Health candidate at Columbia University, New York are required to attend specific clinical.. Director of patient care or have direct patient contact access to quality care sure youre prepared on your first.! Proven by a Memorial Sloan Kettering faculty member the opportunity to earn the Doctor of dental Surgery at! Him/Her in the us be given to applicants applying for two or consecutive...

St Joseph's Hospital Medical Records, Lone Pine Off Road Trails, Sherri Biethman Undercover Boss, Bad Bunny Merch Concert 2022, Interactive Google Slides Math, Articles D